Multidimensional transonic shock waves and free boundary problems
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mixed typevon Neumann problemvon Neumann detachment conjecturesonic curves/surfacesshock reflection/diffractionPrandtl-Meyer problempotential flownonlinear PDEsnonlinear methodmultidimensional transonic shocksa priori estimatesmixed elliptic-hyperbolic typeiteration schemegeometric propertiesfull Euler flowfree boundary problemsEuler equationsdegree theorydegenerate ellipticityconvexity
Hyperbolic conservation laws (35L65) Boundary-layer theory for compressible fluids and gas dynamics (76N20) Existence, uniqueness, and regularity theory for compressible fluids and gas dynamics (76N10) Shock waves and blast waves in fluid mechanics (76L05) Transonic flows (76H05) General aerodynamics and subsonic flows (76G25) Free boundary problems for PDEs (35R35) Euler equations (35Q31) Boundary value problems for PDEs of mixed type (35M12) PDEs of mixed type (35M10) Shocks and singularities for hyperbolic equations (35L67) Dependence of solutions to PDEs on initial and/or boundary data and/or on parameters of PDEs (35B30) Initial-boundary value problems for second-order hyperbolic equations (35L20) Degenerate elliptic equations (35J70) Boundary values of solutions to elliptic equations and elliptic systems (35J67) Weak solutions to PDEs (35D30) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) A priori estimates in context of PDEs (35B45) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Pattern formations in context of PDEs (35B36) Stability in context of PDEs (35B35)
Abstract: We are concerned with free boundary problems arising from the analysis of multidimensional transonic shock waves for the Euler equations in compressible fluid dynamics. In this expository paper, we survey some recent developments in the analysis of multidimensional transonic shock waves and corresponding free boundary problems for the compressible Euler equations and related nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) of mixed type. The nonlinear PDEs under our analysis include the steady Euler equations for potential flow, the steady full Euler equations, the unsteady Euler equations for potential flow, and related nonlinear PDEs of mixed elliptic-hyperbolic type. The transonic shock problems include the problem of steady transonic flow past solid wedges, the von Neumann problem for shock reflection-diffraction, and the Prandtl-Meyer problem for unsteady supersonic flow onto solid wedges. We first show how these longstanding multidimensional transonic shock problems can be formulated as free boundary problems for the compressible Euler equations and related nonlinear PDEs of mixed type. Then we present an effective nonlinear method and related ideas and techniques to solve these free boundary problems. The method, ideas, and techniques should be useful to analyze other longstanding and newly emerging free boundary problems for nonlinear PDEs.
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