On the notions of upper and lower density

DOI10.1017/S0013091519000208zbMATH Open1442.11019arXiv1506.04664WikidataQ127302600 ScholiaQ127302600MaRDI QIDQ5111608FDOQ5111608

Salvatore Tringali, Paolo Leonetti

Publication date: 27 May 2020

Published in: Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let $$ be the power set of $$. We say that a function $$ is an upper density if, for all $$ and $$, the following hold: (F1) $$; (F2) $m{u}^{a}st(X)lem{u}^{a}st(Y)$ if $XsubseteqY$; (F3) $m{u}^{a}st(XcupY)lem{u}^{a}st(X)+m{u}^{a}st(Y)$; (F4) $m{u}^{a}st(kcdotX)=frac1km{u}^{a}st(X)$, where $kcdotX:=kx:xinX$; (F5) $m{u}^{a}st(X+h)=m{u}^{a}st(X)$. We show that the upper asymptotic, upper logarithmic, upper Banach, upper Buck, upper Polya, and upper analytic densities, together with all upper $alpha$-densities (with $alpha$ a real parameter $ge-1$), are upper densities in the sense of our definition. Moreover, we establish the mutual independence of axioms (F1)-(F5), and we investigate various properties of upper densities (and related functions) under the assumption that (F2) is replaced by the weaker condition that $m{u}^{a}st(X)le1$ for every $$. Overall, this allows us to extend and generalize results so far independently derived for some of the classical upper densities mentioned above, thus introducing a certain amount of unification into the theory.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.04664

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zbMATH Keywords

axiomatizationlogarithmic densityasymptotic (or natural) densityupper and lower densitiesanalytic densityBuck densityBanach (or uniform) den- sityPólya density

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Probability theory on algebraic and topological structures (60B99) Functional equations for functions with more general domains and/or ranges (39B52) Density, gaps, topology (11B05) Real- or complex-valued set functions (28A10)

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Cited In (24)

• On a class of densities of sets of positive integers
• On the density of sumsets. II
• Translation Properties of Sets of Positive Upper Density
• Capacities and Choquet averages of ultrafilters
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• Combinational proof for a theorem concerning the upper Banach density

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