Random matrices with prescribed eigenvalues and expectation values for random quantum states

DOI10.1090/TRAN/8074zbMATH Open1451.60018arXiv1711.02710OpenAlexW3000654761WikidataQ126389344 ScholiaQ126389344MaRDI QIDQ5114760FDOQ5114760

Mark W. Meckes, Elizabeth Meckes

Publication date: 25 June 2020

Published in: Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Given a collection $lambd{a}_1,dots,lambd{a}_n$ of real numbers, there is a canonical probability distribution on the set of real symmetric or complex Hermitian matrices with eigenvalues $lambd{a}_1,ldots,lambd{a}_n$. In this paper, we study various features of random matrices with this distribution. Our main results show that under mild conditions, when $n$ is large, linear functionals of the entries of such random matrices have approximately Gaussian joint distributions. The results take the form of upper bounds on distances between multivariate distributions, which allows us also to consider the case when the number of linear functionals grows with $n$. In the context of quantum mechanics, these results can be viewed as describing the joint probability distribution of the expectation values of a family of observables on a quantum system in a random mixed state. Other applications are given to spectral distributions of submatrices, the classical invariant ensembles, and to a probabilistic counterpart of the Schur--Horn theorem, relating eigenvalues and diagonal entries of Hermitian matrices.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.02710

zbMATH Keywords

complex Hermitian matricesSchur-Horn theoremGaussian joint distributions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Random matrices (probabilistic aspects) (60B20) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15)

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