Dynamics and thermodynamics of systems with long-range interactions: interpretation of the different functionals

DOI10.1063/1.2839131MaRDI QIDQ5118766zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Pierre-Henri Chavanis

Publication date 26 August 2020

Published in AIP Conference Proceedings (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0904.2729

zbMATH Keywords

Fokker-Planck equationVlasov equationBBGKY hierarchyentropiesweak long-range interactions systems

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Kinetic theory of gases in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C40) Vlasov equations (35Q83) Fokker-Planck equations (35Q84) Statistical thermodynamics (82B30) Interacting particle systems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C22) Stochastic methods (Fokker-Planck, Langevin, etc.) applied to problems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C31) Variational methods applied to problems in statistical mechanics (82M30)

Abstract: We discuss the dynamics and thermodynamics of systems with weak long-range interactions. Generically, these systems experience a violent collisionless relaxation in the Vlasov regime leading to a (usually) non-Boltzmannian quasi stationary state (QSS), followed by a slow collisional relaxation leading to the Boltzmann statistical equilibrium state. These two regimes can be explained by a kinetic theory, using an expansion of the BBGKY hierarchy in powers of 1/N, where N is the number of particles. We discuss the physical meaning of the different functionals appearing in the analysis: the Boltzmann entropy, the Lynden-Bell entropy, the "generalized" entropies arising in the reduced space of coarse-grained distribution functions, the Tsallis entropy, the generalized H-functions increasing during violent relaxation (not necessarily monotonically) and the convex Casimir functionals used to settle the formal nonlinear dynamical stability of steady states of the Vlasov equation. We show the connection between the different variational problems associated with these functionals. We also introduce a general class of nonlinear mean field Fokker-Planck (NFP) equations that can be used as numerical algorithms to solve these constrained optimization problems.

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