Quadratic first integrals of autonomous conservative dynamical systems

DOI10.1063/1.5141392MaRDI QIDQ5140969zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Michael Tsamparlis, Antonios Mitsopoulos

Publication date 17 December 2020

Published in Journal of Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.11944

zbMATH Keywords

first integralsautonomous holonomic dynamical system

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symmetries and conservation laws, reverse symmetries, invariant manifolds and their bifurcations, reduction for problems in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics (70H33) General theory of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, Hamiltonian and Lagrangian structures, symmetries, invariants (37J06)

Abstract: An autonomous dynamical system is described by a system of second order differential equations whose solution gives the trajectories of the system. The solution is facilitated by the use of first integrals (FIs) that are used to reduce the order of the system of differential equations and, if there are enough of them, to determine the solution. Therefore, it is important that there exists a systematic method to determine the FIs. On the other hand, a system of second order differential equations defines a kinetic energy, which provides a symmetric second order tensor called kinetic metric of the system. This metric via its symmetries brings into the scene the numerous methods of differential geometry and hence it is apparent that one should manage to relate the determination of the FIs to the symmetries of the kinetic metric. The subject of this work is to provide a theorem that realizes this scenario. The method we follow considers the generic quadratic FI of the form $I=K_{ab}(t,q^c)dot{q}^{a}dot{q}^b+K_a(t,q^c)dot{q}^a+K(t,q^c)$ where $K_{ab}(t,q^c),K_a(t,q^c),K(t,q^c)$ are unknown tensor quantities and requires $dI/dt=0$. This condition leads to a system of differential equations involving the coefficients of $I$ whose solution provides all possible quadratic FIs of this form. We demonstrate the application of the theorem in the classical cases of the geodesic equations and the generalized Kepler potential. We also obtain and discuss the time-dependent FIs.

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Cited in

(14)

• Projective dynamics and first integrals
• Higher order polynomial complex invariants for one-dimensional anharmonic potentials
• Higher order first integrals of autonomous dynamical systems
• Time-independent invariants of motion for the quadratic system
• Cubic first integrals of autonomous dynamical systems in E2 by an algorithmic approach
• A unified treatment of quartic invariants at fixed and arbitrary energy
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• Complex invariants for some time-independent and time-dependent classical systems
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• Quadratic first integrals of kinetic differential equations

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