On Newman and Littlewood polynomials with a prescribed number of zeros inside the unit disk

DOI10.1090/MCOM/3570zbMATH Open1461.11141arXiv1910.13994OpenAlexW3036112747MaRDI QIDQ5145100FDOQ5145100

Authors: Kevin G. Hare, Jonas Jankauskas 

Publication date: 20 January 2021

Published in: Mathematics of Computation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We study $0,1$ and $-1,1$ polynomials $f(z)$, called Newman and Littlewood polynomials, that have a prescribed number $N(f)$ of zeros in the open unit disk $mathcalD=zinmathbbC:|z|<1$. For every pair $(k,n)inmathbb{N}^2$, where $ngeq7$ and $kin[3,n-3]$, we prove that it is possible to find a $0,1$--polynomial $f(z)$ of degree $extdegf=n$ with non--zero constant term $f(0)e0$, such that $N(f)=k$ and $f(z)e0$ on the unit circle $partialmathcalD$. On the way to this goal, we answer a question of D.~W.~Boyd from 1986 on the smallest degree Newman polynomial that satisfies $|f(z)|>2$ on the unit circle $partialmathcalD$. This polynomial is of degree $38$ and we use this special polynomial in our constructions. We also identify (without a proof) all exceptional $(k,n)$ with $kin1,2,3,n-3,n-2,n-1$, for which no such $0,1$--polynomial of degree $n$ exists: such pairs are related to regular (real and complex) Pisot numbers. Similar, but less complete results for $-1,1$ polynomials are established. We also look at the products of spaced Newman polynomials and consider the rotated large Littlewood polynomials. Lastly, based on our data, we formulate a natural conjecture about the statistical distribution of $N(f)$ in the set of Newman and Littlewood polynomials.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.13994

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zbMATH Keywords

zero locationLittlewood polynomialsNewman polynomialsPisot numberscomplex Pisot numbers

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Polynomials in number theory (11C08) Special sequences and polynomials (11B83) Polynomials (irreducibility, etc.) (11R09) Numerical computation of roots of polynomial equations (65H04) PV-numbers and generalizations; other special algebraic numbers; Mahler measure (11R06) Polynomials in real and complex fields: location of zeros (algebraic theorems) (12D10)

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Cited In (6)

• On Newman polynomials which divide no Littlewood polynomial
• On the Multiplicity of the Zeros of Polynomials with Constrained Coefficients
• Newman polynomials with prescribed vanishing and integer sets with distinct subset sums
• Square values of Littlewood polynomials
• The digit exchanges in the rotational beta expansions of algebraic numbers
• On polynomials with only rational roots

Uses Software

• FLINT
• Maple
• SageMath
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