On the distribution of roots of polynomials
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Soit \(f(z)=a_0+a_1z+ \cdots + a_nz^n\) un polynôme de degré \(n\) à coefficients complexes, et posons \(P={|a_o|+ \cdots +|a_n| \over \sqrt {|a_0 a_n|}}\). Soient \(z_\nu =r_\nu e^{i\varphi_\nu} (1 \leq \nu \leq n)\) les racines de ce polynôme; les AA., par un ingénieux raisonnement, montrent que lorsque \(n\) croît indéfiniment, si \(P\) n'est pas trop grand, les arguments \(\varphi _\nu\) sont également répartis entre \(0\) et \(2\pi\). De façon précise, ils établissent l'inégalité \[ \left|\left({\sum\!\!\nu}_{\alpha \leq \varphi_\nu \leq \beta} 1\right)-\frac{\beta-\alpha}{2\pi} n \right| < 16\sqrt {n\log P}. \] Ce théorème comprend comme cas particuliers: \(1^0\) le théorème de \textit{E. Schmidt} [Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Phys.-Math. Kl. 1932, No. 25, 394--401 (1932; Zbl 0005.36302)] montrant que le nombre des racines réelles de \(f\) est \(O(\sqrt {n \log P})\); \(2^0\) la généralisation, due à Szegö, du théorème de Jentzsch sur les zéros des polynômes sections d'une série entière ayant le cercle \(|z| =1\) comme cercle de convergence, d' après laquelle, pour une infinité de degrés \(n_k\) les racines du polynôme section de degré \(n_k\) sont également réparties en argument dans un anneau \(1-\varepsilon \leq |z| \leq 1+ \varepsilon\) d'épaisseur arbitrairement petite.
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