Zeros of polynomials with random coefficients

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Abstract: Zeros of many ensembles of polynomials with random coefficients are asymptotically equidistributed near the unit circumference. We give quantitative estimates for such equidistribution in terms of the expected discrepancy and expected number of roots in various sets. This is done for polynomials with coefficients that may be dependent, and need not have identical distributions. We also study random polynomials spanned by various deterministic bases.


The authors study the distribution of zeros of collections of polynomials \(P_n(z) = \sum_{k=0}^n A_k z^k\) with random coefficients. Under mild conditions on the probability distribution of the coefficients, the zeros are asymptotically equidistributed near the unit circle \(\mathbb T = \{z \in \mathbb C : |z|=1\}\). More precisely, the zero counting measure \(\tau_n := \frac 1 n \sum_{k=1}^n \delta_{Z_k}\), where \(Z_1, \ldots,Z_n\) are the zeros of \(P_n\), converges in the weak* topology to the normalized arc-length measure \(\mu_{\mathbb T}\) almost surely. In the paper under review, the authors provide quantitative estimates for the discrepancy of the measures \(\tau_n\) and \(\mu_{\mathbb T}\) in annular sectors and for the expected number of zeros in certain sets. Also random polynomials spanned by general bases are considered. The paper generalizes the results of \textit{I. E. Pritsker} and \textit{A. A. Sola} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 142, No. 12, 4251--4263 (2014; Zbl 1301.30006)], in particular, several unnecessary restrictions, e.g., the assumption that the coefficients are independent and identically distributed, are removed.




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