An equivariant isomorphism theorem for mod p reductions of arboreal Galois representations

Abstract: Let

p h i

be a quadratic, monic polynomial with coefficients in

m a t h c a l O_{F, D} [t]

, where

m a t h c a l O_{F, D}

is a localization of a number ring

m a t h c a l O_{F}

. In this paper, we first prove that if

p h i

is non-square and non-isotrivial, then there exists an absolute, effective constant

N_{p} h i

with the following property: for all primes

m a t h f r a k p s u b s e t e q m a t h c a l O_{F, D}

such that the reduced polynomial

p h i_{m} a t h f r a k p i n (m a t h c a l O_{F, D} / m a t h f r a k p) [t] [x]

is non-square and non-isotrivial, the squarefree Zsigmondy set of

p h i_{m a t h f r a k p}

is bounded by

N_{p} h i

. Using this result, we prove that if

p h i

is non-isotrivial and geometrically stable then outside a finite, effective set of primes of

m a t h c a l O_{F, D}

the geometric part of the arboreal representation of

p h i_{m a t h f r a k p}

is isomorphic to that of

p h i

. As an application of our results we prove R. Jones' conjecture on the arboreal Galois representation attached to the polynomial

x^{2} + t

.

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