Conformal geometry of marginally trapped surfaces in S^4_1

DOI10.1007/S13366-016-0314-6MaRDI QIDQ515726zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Eduardo Hulett

Publication date 16 March 2017

Published in Beiträge zur Algebra und Geometrie (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.04309

zbMATH Keywords

associated familiesconformal invariantsharmonic mapintegrable deformationsmarginally trapped surfacesnull Gauss mapSchwartzian

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Differential geometry of immersions (minimal, prescribed curvature, tight, etc.) (53C42) Differential geometric aspects of harmonic maps (53C43) Global differential geometry of Lorentz manifolds, manifolds with indefinite metrics (53C50)

Abstract: A spacelike surface $Ssubsetmathbb{S}_1^4$ is marginally trapped if its mean curvature vector is lightlike. On any oriented spacelike surface $Ssubsetmathbb{S}_1^4$ we show that a choice of orientation of the normal bundle $u(S)$ determines a smooth map $G:Somathbb{S}^3$ which we call the null Gauss map of $S$. We show that if $S$ is marginally trapped then $G$ is a conformal immersion away the zeros of certain quadratic Hopf-differential of $S$ and so the surface $G(S)$ is uniquely determined up to conformal transformations of $mathbb{S}^3$ by two invariants: the normal Hopf differential $kappa$ and the Schwartzian derivative $s$. We show that these invariants plus an additional quadratic differential $delta$ are related by a differential equation and determine the geometry of $S$ up to ambient isometries of $mathbb{S}_1^4$. This allows us to obtain a characterization of marginally trapped surfaces $S$ whose null Gauss image is a constrained Willmore surface in $mathbb{S}^3$ in the sense of C.Bohle, G. Peters and U.Pinkall [arXiv:math/0411479]. As an application of these results we construct and study integrable non-trivial one-parameter deformations of marginally trapped surfaces with non-zero parallel mean curvature vector and those with flat normal bundle.

Review text

A space-like surface immersed in a 4D Lorentzian manifold is called \textit{marginally trapped} if its mean curvature vector is everywhere null or light-like. This notion was introduced by Penrose and plays a key role in the singularity theory of Einstein equations. The purpose of this work is to study geometric properties of oriented marginally trapped surfaces conformally immersed in \(\mathbb {S}^4_1\) by using complex analysis, including also the construction of a suitable \textit{null Gauss map}. The conformal invariants of these maps are computed in order to obtain results regarding the congruence of marginally trapped surfaces in \(\mathbb {S}^4_1\).

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Cited in

(9)

• New insights on marginally trapped surfaces: the hedgehog theory point of view
• On the marginally trapped surfaces in 4-dimensional space-times with finite type Gauss map
• Marginally trapped surfaces in spaces of oriented geodesics
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