Discretization of the Bloch sphere, fractal invariant sets and Bell's theorem

DOI10.1098/RSPA.2019.0350MaRDI QIDQ5160887zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors T. N. Palmer

Publication date 29 October 2021

Published in Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.01734

zbMATH Keywords

complementarityuncertainty relationsBell theoremquantum physicsBloch spherefinite theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum coherence, entanglement, quantum correlations (81P40) Quantum state spaces, operational and probabilistic concepts (81P16)

Abstract: An arbitrarily dense discretisation of the Bloch sphere of complex Hilbert states is constructed, where points correspond to bit strings of fixed finite length. Number-theoretic properties of trigonometric functions (not part of the quantum-theoretic canon) are used to show that this constructive discretised representation incorporates many of the defining characteristics of quantum systems: completementarity, uncertainty relationships and (with a simple Cartesian product of discretised spheres) entanglement. Unlike Meyer's earlier discretisation of the Bloch Sphere, there are no orthonormal triples, hence the Kocken-Specker theorem is not nullified. A physical interpretation of points on the discretised Bloch sphere is given in terms of ensembles of trajectories on a dynamically invariant fractal set in state space, where states of physical reality correspond to points on the invariant set. This deterministic construction provides a new way to understand the violation of the Bell inequality without violating statistical independence or factorisation, where these conditions are defined solely from states on the invariant set. In this finite representation there is an upper limit to the number of qubits that can be entangled, a property with potential experimental consequences.

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Cited in

(4)

• Supermeasured: violating Bell-statistical independence without violating physical statistical independence
• Superdeterministic hidden-variables models I: non-equilibrium and signalling
• Superdeterministic hidden-variables models II: conspiracy
• Piecewise deterministic quantum dynamics and quantum fractals on the Poincaré disk

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