Supermeasured: violating Bell-statistical independence without violating physical statistical independence

DOI10.1007/S10701-022-00602-9MaRDI QIDQ2158756zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jonte R. Hance, Sabine Hossenfelder, T. N. Palmer

Publication date 26 July 2022

Published in Foundations of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.07292

zbMATH Keywords

Bell's theoremquantum mechanicsinterpretations of quantum mechanicsstatistical independencehidden-variablesinvariant set theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Analysis of variance and covariance (ANOVA) (62J10) Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory (60K35) Causal inference from observational studies (62D20) General and philosophical questions in quantum theory (81P05) Quantum coherence, entanglement, quantum correlations (81P40) Set functions and measures on topological groups or semigroups, Haar measures, invariant measures (28C10) Alternative quantum mechanics (including hidden variables, etc.) (81Q65)

Abstract: Bell's theorem is often said to imply that quantum mechanics violates local causality, and that local causality cannot be restored with a hidden-variables theory. This however is only correct if the hidden-variables theory fulfils an assumption called Statistical Independence. Violations of Statistical Independence are commonly interpreted as correlations between the measurement settings and the hidden variables (which determine the measurement outcomes). Such correlations have been discarded as ``fine-tuning or a ``conspiracy. We here point out that the common interpretation is at best physically ambiguous and at worst incorrect. The problem with the common interpretation is that Statistical Independence might be violated because of a non-trivial measure in state space, a possibility we propose to call ``supermeasured. We use Invariant Set Theory as an example of a supermeasured theory that violates the Statistical Independence assumption in Bell's theorem without requiring correlations between hidden variables and measurement settings (physical statistical independence).

Recommendations

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Cited in

(7)

• Winterberg's conjectured breaking of the superluminal quantum correlations over large distances
• Testing super-deterministic hidden variables theories
• Nonlocality without nonlocality
• Bell's theorem: two neglected solutions
• An operationalist perspective on setting dependence
• Stern-Gerlach, EPRB and Bell inequalities: an analysis using the quantum Hamilton equations of stochastic mechanics
• Invariant set theory: violating measurement independence without fine tuning, conspiracy, constraints on free will or retrocausality

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