CHROMATIC POLYNOMIALS AND BIALGEBRAS OF GRAPHS

DOI10.24330/IEJA.969651MaRDI QIDQ5164818zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Loïc Foissy

Publication date 15 November 2021

Published in International Electronic Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.04303

zbMATH Keywords

chromatic polynomialchromatic symmetric functionbialgebras in cointeraction

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graph polynomials (05C31) Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs (05C15) Connections of Hopf algebras with combinatorics (16T30)

Abstract: The chromatic polynomial is characterized as the unique polynomial invariant of graphs, compatible with two interacting bialgebras structures: the first coproduct is given by partitions of vertices into two parts, the second one by a contraction-extraction process. This gives Hopf-algebraic proofs of Rota's result on the signs of coefficients of chromatic polynomials and of Stanley's interpretation of the values at negative integers of chromatic polynomi-als. We also give non-commutative version of this construction, replacing graphs by indexed graphs and Q[X] by the Hopf algebra WSym of set partitions.

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• Chromatic polynomials of graphs from Kac-Moody algebras
• Holomorphic quadratic differentials on graphs and the chromatic polynomial
• An extension of the bivariate chromatic polynomial
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