Time delay effects in the control of synchronous electricity grids
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Abstract: The expansion of inverter-connected generation facilities (i.e. wind and photovoltaics) and the removal of conventional power plants is necessary to mitigate the impacts of climate change. Whereas conventional generation with large rotating generator masses provides stabilizing inertia, inverter-connected generation does not. Since the underlying power system and the control mechanisms that keep it close to a desired reference state, were not designed for such a low inertia system, this might make the system vulnerable to disturbances. In this paper, we will investigate whether the currently used control mechanisms are able to keep a low inertia system stable and how this is effected by the time delay between a frequency deviation and the onset of the control action. We integrate the control mechanisms used in continental Europe into a model of coupled oscillators which resembles the second order Kuramoto model. This model is then used to investigate how the interplay of changing inertia, network topology and delayed control effects the stability of the interconnected power system. To identify regions in parameter space that make stable grid operation possible, the linearized system is analyzed to create the system's stability chart. We show that lower and distributed inertia could have a beneficial effect on the stability of the desired synchronous state.
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Cited in
(10)- Grid-forming control for power converters based on matching of synchronous machines
- Suppression of extreme events and chaos in a velocity-dependent potential system with time-delay feedback
- Virtual inertia placement in electric power grids
- Control of an interconnected power system: a time delay approach
- Impact of Time Delays on Power System Stability
- Stability and control of power grids with diluted network topology
- Secondary frequency control stabilising voltage dynamics
- Dynamic stability of electric power grids: tracking the interplay of the network structure, transmission losses, and voltage dynamics
- Digital modeling and control of multiple time-delayed distributed power grid
- Global exponential stability of nonlinear time-delay system under impulsive control with distributed delay
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