Planar diagrams for local invariants of graphs in surfaces

DOI10.1142/S0218216519500937zbMATH Open1435.05111arXiv1805.00575WikidataQ126530571 ScholiaQ126530571MaRDI QIDQ5220458FDOQ5220458

Calvin McPhail-Snyder, Kyle A. Miller

Publication date: 26 March 2020

Published in: Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In order to apply quantum topology methods to nonplanar graphs, we define a planar diagram category that describes the local topology of embeddings of graphs into surfaces. These emph{virtual graphs} are a categorical interpretation of ribbon graphs. We describe an extension of the flow polynomial to virtual graphs, the $S$-polynomial, and formulate the $mathfraksl(N)$ Penrose polynomial for non-cubic graphs, giving contraction-deletion relations. The $S$-polynomial is used to define an extension of the Yamada polynomial to virtual spatial graphs, and with it we obtain a sufficient condition for non-classicality of virtual spatial graphs. We conjecture the existence of local relations for the $S$-polynomial at squares of integers.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.00575

zbMATH Keywords

flow polynomialribbon graphsspatial graphsYamada polynomialPenrose polynomials

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graph polynomials (05C31) Connections of Hopf algebras with combinatorics (16T30) General low-dimensional topology (57M99)

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