Modulation-resonance mechanism for surface waves in a two-layer fluid system

DOI10.1017/JFM.2019.501zbMATH Open1419.76120arXiv1905.11344OpenAlexW3098115627WikidataQ127437526 ScholiaQ127437526MaRDI QIDQ5229809FDOQ5229809

Authors: Shixiao W. Jiang, Gregor Kovačič, Douglas Zhou, David Cai 

Publication date: 19 August 2019

Published in: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We propose a Boussinesq-type model to study the surface/interfacial wave manifestation of an underlying, slowly-varying, long-wavelength, baroclinic flow in a two-layer, density-stratified system. The results of our model show numerically that, under strong nonlinearity, surface waves, with their typical wavenumber being the resonant $k_{mathrmres}$, can be generated locally at the leading edge of the underlying slowly-varying, long-wavelength baroclinic flow. Here, the resonant $k_{mathrmres}$ satisfies the class 3 triad resonance condition among two short-mode waves and one long-mode wave in which all waves propagate in the same direction. Moreover, when the slope of the baroclinic flow is sufficiently small, only one spatially-localized large-amplitude surface wave packet can be generated at the leading edge. This localized surface wave packet becomes high in amplitude and large in group velocity after the interaction with its surrounding waves. These results are qualitatively consistent with various experimental observations including resonant surface waves at the leading edge of an internal wave. Subsequently, we propose a mechanism, referred to as the modulation-resonance mechanism, underlying these surface phenomena, based on our numerical simulations. The proposed modulation-resonance mechanism combines the linear modulation (ray-based) theory for the spatiotemporal asymmetric behavior of surface waves and the nonlinear class 3 triad resonance theory for the energy focusing of surface waves around the resonant wavenumber $k_{mathrmres}$ in Fourier space.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.11344

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zbMATH Keywords

surface gravity wavesbaroclinic flows

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Internal waves for incompressible inviscid fluids (76B55) Hydrology, hydrography, oceanography (86A05) Stratification effects in inviscid fluids (76B70)

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Cited In (9)

• Group resonant interactions between surface and internal gravity waves in a two-layer system
• Resonant wave response to obstacle forcing in two layer fluid flow
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Asymmetric behavior of surface waves induced by an underlying interfacial wave
• Multi-mode resonances in fluids
• Bragg resonances in a two-layer fluid
• Resonant interactions of two waves in a model of a two-layer fluid
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Direct simulation of surface roughness signature of internal wave with deterministic energy-conservative model

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