Machine Learning of Space-Fractional Differential Equations

DOI10.1137/18M1204991MaRDI QIDQ5230657zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Mamikon Gulian, Maziar Raissi, Paris Perdikaris, George Em Karniadakis

Publication date 28 August 2019

Published in SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.00931

zbMATH Keywords

Gaussian processesfractional diffusionanomalous diffusionstable processmatérn kernel

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Bayesian inference (62F15) Time series, auto-correlation, regression, etc. in statistics (GARCH) (62M10) Gaussian processes (60G15) Numerical methods for inverse problems for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N21) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11) Stable stochastic processes (60G52)

Abstract: Data-driven discovery of "hidden physics" -- i.e., machine learning of differential equation models underlying observed data -- has recently been approached by embedding the discovery problem into a Gaussian Process regression of spatial data, treating and discovering unknown equation parameters as hyperparameters of a modified "physics informed" Gaussian Process kernel. This kernel includes the parametrized differential operators applied to a prior covariance kernel. We extend this framework to linear space-fractional differential equations. The methodology is compatible with a wide variety of fractional operators in $mathbb{R}^d$ and stationary covariance kernels, including the Matern class, and can optimize the Matern parameter during training. We provide a user-friendly and feasible way to perform fractional derivatives of kernels, via a unified set of d-dimensional Fourier integral formulas amenable to generalized Gauss-Laguerre quadrature. The implementation of fractional derivatives has several benefits. First, it allows for discovering fractional-order PDEs for systems characterized by heavy tails or anomalous diffusion, bypassing the analytical difficulty of fractional calculus. Data sets exhibiting such features are of increasing prevalence in physical and financial domains. Second, a single fractional-order archetype allows for a derivative of arbitrary order to be learned, with the order itself being a parameter in the regression. This is advantageous even when used for discovering integer-order equations; the user is not required to assume a "dictionary" of derivatives of various orders, and directly controls the parsimony of the models being discovered. We illustrate on several examples, including fractional-order interpolation of advection-diffusion and modeling relative stock performance in the S&P 500 with alpha-stable motion via a fractional diffusion equation.

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Cited in

(21)

• Integral equations and machine learning
• Symplectic neural networks in Taylor series form for Hamiltonian systems
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• Error estimates for deep learning methods in fluid dynamics
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Uses Software

• PDE-Net

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