Machine Learning of Space-Fractional Differential Equations

DOI10.1137/18M1204991zbMATH Open1419.35209arXiv1808.00931MaRDI QIDQ5230657FDOQ5230657

Authors: Mamikon Gulian, Maziar Raissi, Paris Perdikaris, George Em Karniadakis 

Publication date: 28 August 2019

Published in: SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Data-driven discovery of "hidden physics" -- i.e., machine learning of differential equation models underlying observed data -- has recently been approached by embedding the discovery problem into a Gaussian Process regression of spatial data, treating and discovering unknown equation parameters as hyperparameters of a modified "physics informed" Gaussian Process kernel. This kernel includes the parametrized differential operators applied to a prior covariance kernel. We extend this framework to linear space-fractional differential equations. The methodology is compatible with a wide variety of fractional operators in $mathbb{R}^d$ and stationary covariance kernels, including the Matern class, and can optimize the Matern parameter during training. We provide a user-friendly and feasible way to perform fractional derivatives of kernels, via a unified set of d-dimensional Fourier integral formulas amenable to generalized Gauss-Laguerre quadrature. The implementation of fractional derivatives has several benefits. First, it allows for discovering fractional-order PDEs for systems characterized by heavy tails or anomalous diffusion, bypassing the analytical difficulty of fractional calculus. Data sets exhibiting such features are of increasing prevalence in physical and financial domains. Second, a single fractional-order archetype allows for a derivative of arbitrary order to be learned, with the order itself being a parameter in the regression. This is advantageous even when used for discovering integer-order equations; the user is not required to assume a "dictionary" of derivatives of various orders, and directly controls the parsimony of the models being discovered. We illustrate on several examples, including fractional-order interpolation of advection-diffusion and modeling relative stock performance in the S&P 500 with alpha-stable motion via a fractional diffusion equation.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.00931

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zbMATH Keywords

Gaussian processesfractional diffusionanomalous diffusionstable processmatérn kernel

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Bayesian inference (62F15) Time series, auto-correlation, regression, etc. in statistics (GARCH) (62M10) Gaussian processes (60G15) Numerical methods for inverse problems for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N21) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11) Stable stochastic processes (60G52)

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Cited In (21)

• Integral equations and machine learning
• Symplectic neural networks in Taylor series form for Hamiltonian systems
• Discovery of PDEs driven by data with sharp gradient or discontinuity
• Efficient quadrature rules for finite element discretizations of nonlocal equations
• Error estimates for deep learning methods in fluid dynamics
• Isogeometric collocation method for the fractional Laplacian in the 2D bounded domain
• Topology optimization based on deep representation learning (DRL) for compliance and stress-constrained design
• Discovery of subdiffusion problem with noisy data via deep learning
• Efficient optimization-based quadrature for variational discretization of nonlocal problems
• Machine learning applied to pattern characterization in spatially extended dynamical systems
• A general framework for substructuring‐based domain decomposition methods for models having nonlocal interactions
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• fPINNs: Fractional Physics-Informed Neural Networks
• Towards a unified theory of fractional and nonlocal vector calculus
• Efficient Monte Carlo Method for Integral Fractional Laplacian in Multiple Dimensions
• Analysis of Anisotropic Nonlocal Diffusion Models: Well-Posedness of Fractional Problems for Anomalous Transport
• A cookbook for approximating Euclidean balls and for quadrature rules in finite element methods for nonlocal problems
• APIK: Active Physics-Informed Kriging Model with Partial Differential Equations
• An ergodic approach to Laplace transforms on time scales
• Machine learning of linear differential equations using Gaussian processes
• An optimization-based approach to parameter learning for fractional type nonlocal models

Uses Software

• PDE-Net

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