Obstructions to deforming curves on a prime Fano 3-fold

Abstract: We prove that for every smooth prime Fano

3

-fold

V

, the Hilbert scheme

o p e r a t o r n a m e {H i l b}^{s c} V

of smooth connected curves on

V

contains a generically non-reduced irreducible component of Mumford type. We also study the deformations of degenerate curves

C

in

V

, i.e., curves

C

contained in a smooth anti-canonical member

S i n | - K_{V} |

of

V

. We give a sufficient condition for

C

to be stably degenerate, i.e., every small (and global) deformation of

C

in

V

is contained in a deformation of

S

in

V

. As a result, by using the Hilbert-flag scheme of

V

, we determine the dimension and the smoothness of

o p e r a t o r n a m e {H i l b}^{s c} V

at the point

[C]

, assuming that the class of

C

in

o p e r a t o r n a m e P i c S

is generated by

together with the class of a line, or a conic on

V

.

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