Higher-order time asymptotics of fast diffusion in Euclidean space: a dynamical systems approach
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Publication:5248124
Orthogonal polynomials and functions in several variables expressible in terms of special functions in one variable (33C50) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to partial differential equations (35-02) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Self-similar solutions to PDEs (35C06) Nonlinear initial, boundary and initial-boundary value problems for nonlinear parabolic equations (35K61) Normal forms, center manifold theory, bifurcation theory for infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems (37L10) Heat and other parabolic equation methods for PDEs on manifolds (58J35) Spectral problems; spectral geometry; scattering theory on manifolds (58J50) Flows in porous media; filtration; seepage (76S05)
Abstract: This paper quantifies the speed of convergence and higher- order asymptotics of fast diffusion dynamics on R^n to the Barenblatt (self similar) solution. Degeneracies in the parabolicity of this equation are cured by re-expressing the dynamics on a manifold with a cylindrical end, called the cigar. The nonlinear evolution becomes differentiable in Hoelder spaces on the cigar. The linearization of the dynamics is given by the Laplace-Beltrami operator plus a transport term (which can be suppressed by introducing appropriate weights into the function space norm), plus a finite-depth potential well with a universal profile. In the limiting case of the (linear) heat equation, the depth diverges, the number of eigenstates increases without bound, and the continuous spectrum recedes to infinity. We provide a detailed study of the linear and nonlinear problems in Hoelder spaces on the cigar, including a sharp boundedness estimate for the semi-group, and use this as a tool to obtain sharp convergence results toward the Barenblatt solution, and higher order asymptotics. In finer convergence results (after modding out symmetries of the problem), a subtle interplay between convergence rates and tail behavior is revealed. The difficulties involved in choosing the right functional spaces in which to carry out the analysis can be interpreted as genuine features of the equation rather than mere annoying technicalities.
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