scientific article; zbMATH DE number 227236
Let \({\mathcal F}\) be a nonempty family of subsets of a metric space \((M,d)\). We say that \({\mathcal F}\) defines a convexity structure on \(M\) iff \({\mathcal F}\) is stable by intersection and contains the closed balls. For a nonempty bounded subset \(C\) of \(M\), we define: \[ r(x,C)=\sup \{d(x,y):\;y\in C\}, \;\delta(C)= \sup\{ r(x,C):\;x\in C\}, \;R(C)= \inf\{ r(x,C):\;x\in C\}. \] We say that a metric space \(M\) has uniformly normal structure if there exists a convexity structure \({\mathcal F}\) on \(M\) such that: \(R(C)\leq c\cdot \delta(C)\) for a fixed constant \(c\in (0,1)\), for any nonempty \(C\in{\mathcal F}\), which is bounded and not reduced to a single point. The normal structure coefficient \(N({\mathcal F})\) for a convexity structure \({\mathcal F}\) of a metric space \(M\) is a number \[ N({\mathcal F})= \sup\{ R(C)/\delta(C):\;C\in{\mathcal F},\;0< \delta(C)< \infty\}. \] Obviously, a convexity structure on \(M\) is uniformly normal if \(N({\mathcal F})<1\). We say that a convexity structure on a metric space \(M\) is of finite type if for any \(C\subseteq M\), \(x\in \text{co } C=\bigcap\{B\): \(C\subset B\), \(B\in{\mathcal F}\}\), and any \(\varepsilon>0\), there are finite elements \(x_ 1,x_ 2,\dots, x_ n\in C\) and \(y\in \text{co} \{x_ 1,x_ 2,\dots, x_ n\}\) such that \(d(x,y)<\varepsilon\). (For example, a convexity structure consisting of all closed convex subsets of a normed space is of finite type.) In the present paper the authors prove the following theorems: Theorem 1. Let \(M\) be a complete metric space with a convexity structure \({\mathcal F}\) which is uniformly normal. Let \(\{C_ n\}\) be a decreasing sequence of nonempty bounded subsets of \(M\) with \(C_ n\in{\mathcal F}\). Then \(\bigcap_ n \text{cl } C_ n\neq \emptyset\). This theorem extends a result of \textit{M. A. Khamsi} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 106, No. 3, 723-726 (1989; Zbl 0671.47052)]. Theorem 2. Let \(M\) be a complete metric space with a convexity structure \({\mathcal F}\) which is uniformly normal and of finite type. Let \(T: M\to M\) be a uniformly \(k\)-Lipschitzian mapping (i.e. \(d(T^ n x,T^ n y)\leq k\cdot d(x,y)\) for all \(x,y\in M\) and each \(n\geq 1\)) with \(k< [N({\mathcal F})]^{-1/2}\). Suppose that \(T\) has a bounded orbit at a point \(y\in M\) (i.e. the orbit \(\{T^ n y\}\) is a bounded subset of \(M\)). Then \(T\) has a fixed point in \(M\). This theorem extends a result of \textit{E. Casini} and \textit{E. Maluta} [Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl. 9, 103-108 (1985; Zbl 0553.47021)]. Finally the authors prove a fixed point theorem for a nonexpansive inward mapping in a hyperconvex Banach space [see for example, \textit{A. G. Aksoy} and \textit{M. A. Khamsi}, `Nonstandard methods in fixed point theory' (1990; Zbl 0713.47050)] and extend the above theorem to the multivalued case.
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