Dark energy: the absolute electric potential of the universe

DOI10.1142/S0218271809015953MaRDI QIDQ5306285zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Antonio L. Maroto, Jose Beltrán Jiménez

Publication date 8 April 2010

Published in International Journal of Modern Physics D (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0905.2589

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Electromagnetic fields in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C50) Relativistic cosmology (83F05)

Abstract: Is there an absolute cosmic electric potential?. The recent discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe could be indicating that this is certainly the case. In this essay we show that the consistency of the covariant and gauge invariant theory of electromagnetism is truly questionable when considered on cosmological scales. Out of the four components of the electromagnetic field, Maxwell's theory only contains two physical degrees of freedom. However, in the presence of gravity, one of the "unphysical" states cannot be consistently eliminated, thus becoming real. This third polarization state is completely decoupled from charged matter, but can be excited gravitationally thus breaking gauge invariance. On large scales the new state can be seen as a homogeneous cosmic electric potential, whose energy density behaves as a cosmological constant.

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