Extreme nonlinear optics. An introduction
This is a textbook aiming to teach students basic knowledge about phenomena induced by extremely short pulses of optical (electromagnetic) radiation, whose peak density is extremely large, hence the name of ``Extreme nonlinear optics. The pulses considered may be as short as containing just about 1.5 fundamental optical cycles, i.e., approximately 2.5 femtosecond. When considering the light-matter interaction, the book consistently develops the model of dielectrics of the Lorentz type (with bound electrons), and of the Drude type (for media with free carriers). Among specific effects that are not possible in ordinary nonlinear optics, but become realistic in extremely strong fields are nonlinear interaction of light beams in vacuum, due to the polarization of vacuum through the virtual electron-positron pairs, and generation of the second harmonic just by free electrons, without any inversion-invariance breaking. The book offers the presentation of the material at two different levels of complexity, basic and advanced. The book also contains a large number of exercises, which lends it an extra pedagogical value.
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