scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2205561
The nature of the self-organized critical (SOC) behavior in the Abelian sandpile model and in the Bak-Snepen model are investigated. It is pointed out that SOC and conventional criticality are strongly related. The term critical refers to properties of equilibrium models in statistical physics at criticality, like power law decay of fluctuations, and scale invariance of certain quantities. The term SOC has been used to describe systems which exhibit spontaneous critical behavior without tuning of parameters. The long range character of SOC systems is implicit in the definition: Small local changes can have dramatic effects, sometimes leading to a complete reorganization of the entire configuration. The connections between SOC systems and conventional equilibrium models from statistical mechanics are pointed out, in the sense that the critical behavior of the SOC system can be directly related to the behavior at criticality of such a classical equilibrium system. An example of a sequential construction is given. The construction does not involve any parameters to be tuned, but the process is chosen carefully and designed in such a way as to reconstruct some aspects of critical bond percolation. The goal of the paper is to present in details these ideas in the contexts of the Abelian sandpile model and the Bak-Sneppen evolution model. The models themselves are carefully chosen as to be able to direct themselves into a critical state. In the case of the Abelian sandpile it is explained on an intuitive level why the system organises itself into the critical state corresponding to a particular classical equilibrium particle system. This relation is formally proved in the one-dimensional case, and the situation in higher dimensions is discussed. In the case of the Bak-Sneppen model the rigorous results are overviewed and the apparent spontaneous critical behavior is concluded from the underlying parametrized classical system. In summary, it appears that self-organized criticality is not a big surprise once you see the construction in the proper context. In a conventional equilibrium system, one needs to carefully tune a set of parameters as to obtain critical behavior. In a model which exhibits self-organized critical behavior, this tuning of parameters does not seem to be necessary, and the critical behavior appears to arise for free. However, in the case of the models for self-organized criticality discussed here, the tuning of parameters has been replaced by the very careful choice of the model. The model attracts itself to the critical point of a suitable equilibrium system.
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