Do sums of squares dream of free resolutions?

DOI10.1137/16M1084560MaRDI QIDQ5347299zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Grigoriy Blekherman, Rainer Sinn, Mauricio Velasco

Publication date 23 May 2017

Published in SIAM Journal on Applied Algebra and Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.03551

zbMATH Keywords

Castelnuovo-Mumford regularitysums of squaresfree resolutionsspectrahedra

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graphs and linear algebra (matrices, eigenvalues, etc.) (05C50) Syzygies, resolutions, complexes and commutative rings (13D02) Real algebraic sets (14P05) General convexity (52A99)

Abstract: We associate to a real projective variety $X$ two convex cones which are fundamental in real algebraic geometry: the cone $P_X$ of quadratic forms nonnegative on $X$, and the cone $Sigm{a}_X$ of sums of squares of linear forms. The dual cone $Sigm{a}_X^{a}st$ is a spectrahedron and we show that its convexity properties are closely related to homological properties of $X$. For instance, we show that all extreme rays of $Sigm{a}_X^{a}st$ have rank one if and only if X has Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity two. More generally, if $Sigm{a}_X^{a}st$ has an extreme ray of rank $p>1$, then $X$ does not satisfy the property $N_{2,p}$. We show that the converse also holds in a wide variety of situations: the smallest $p$ for which property $N_{2,p}$ does not hold is equal to the smallest rank of an extreme ray of $Sigm{a}_X^{a}st$ greater than one. These results allow us to generalize the work of Blekherman-Smith-Velasco on equality of nonnegative polynomials and sums of squares from irreducible varieties to reduced schemes and to classify all spectrahedral cones with only rank one extreme rays. Our results have applications to the positive semidefinite matrix completion problem and to the truncated moment problem on projective varieties.

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Cited in

(15)

• Sums of squares and quadratic persistence on real projective varieties
• Algebraic geometry and sums of squares
• On the Lefschetz property for quotients by monomial ideals containing squares of variables
• Sums of squares: a real projective story
• Limitations on the Expressive Power of Convex Cones without Long Chains of Faces
• Gap vectors of real projective varieties
• Sums of squares, Hankel index, and almost real rank
• Strictly positive polynomials in the boundary of the SOS cone
• Extreme rays of Hankel spectrahedra for ternary forms
• Harmonic Hierarchies for Polynomial Optimization
• Terracini convexity
• Sum of squares decomposition of positive polynomials with rational coefficients
• Memory-efficient structured convex optimization via extreme point sampling
• Sums of squares and sparse semidefinite programming
• Maximum likelihood threshold and generic completion rank of graphs

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