Stable Gabor phase retrieval and spectral clustering

DOI10.1002/CPA.21799MaRDI QIDQ5381065zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Martin Rathmair, Philipp Grohs

Publication date 7 June 2019

Published in Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.04374

zbMATH Keywords

Cheeger constantphase retrievalGabor transform

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Signal theory (characterization, reconstruction, filtering, etc.) (94A12) Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms and other transforms of Fourier type (42A38) Special integral transforms (Legendre, Hilbert, etc.) (44A15) Stability theory for integral equations (45M10)

Abstract: We consider the problem of reconstructing a signal $f$ from its spectrogram, i.e., the magnitudes $|V_{v}arphif|$ of its Gabor transform ${\displaystyle }$V_varphi f (x,y):=int_{mathbb{R}}f(t)e^{-pi (t-x)^2}e^{-2pi i y t}dt, quad x,yin mathbb{R}.${\displaystyle }$ Such problems occur in a wide range of applications, from optical imaging of nanoscale structures to audio processing and classification. While it is well-known that the solution of the above Gabor phase retrieval problem is unique up to natural identifications, the stability of the reconstruction has remained wide open. The present paper discovers a deep and surprising connection between phase retrieval, spectral clustering and spectral geometry. We show that the stability of the Gabor phase reconstruction is bounded by the reciprocal of the Cheeger constant of the flat metric on $mathbb{R}^2$, conformally multiplied with $|V_{v}arphif|$. The Cheeger constant, in turn, plays a prominent role in the field of spectral clustering, and it precisely quantifies the `disconnectedness' of the measurements $V_{v}arphif$. It has long been known that a disconnected support of the measurements results in an instability -- our result for the first time provides a converse in the sense that there are no other sources of instabilities. Due to the fundamental importance of Gabor phase retrieval in coherent diffraction imaging, we also provide a new understanding of the stability properties of these imaging techniques: Contrary to most classical problems in imaging science whose regularization requires the promotion of smoothness or sparsity, the correct regularization of the phase retrieval problem promotes the `connectedness' of the measurements in terms of bounding the Cheeger constant from below. Our work thus, for the first time, opens the door to the development of efficient regularization strategies.

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Cited in

(37)

• A note on the phase retrieval of holomorphic functions
• Mixed-state localization operators: Cohen's class and trace class operators
• Phaseless sampling and reconstruction of real-valued signals in shift-invariant spaces
• Phase retrieval: uniqueness and stability
• Lower Lipschitz bounds for phase retrieval from locally supported measurements
• On the stability of Fourier phase retrieval
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• Locality and stability for phase retrieval
• Stable phase retrieval in infinite dimensions
• Near-optimal bounds for signal recovery from blind phaseless periodic short-time Fourier transform
• Phase retrieval from linear canonical transforms
• Stable Gabor phase retrieval in Gaussian shift-invariant spaces via biorthogonality
• Random sampling and reconstruction of concentrated signals in a reproducing kernel space
• Uniqueness of phase retrieval with short-time linear canonical transform
• Phaseless reconstruction from space-time samples
• Injectivity conditions for STFT phase retrieval on \(\mathbb{Z}\), \(\mathbb{Z}_d\) and \(\mathbb{R}^d\)
• On the connection between uniqueness from samples and stability in Gabor phase retrieval
• Multiple sampling and interpolation in weighted Fock spaces of entire functions
• Phase retrieval of complex and vector-valued functions
• On the effect of zero-flipping on the stability of the phase retrieval problem in the Paley-Wiener class
• A note on the Fourier magnitude data and Sobolev embeddings
• Stable phase retrieval and perturbations of frames
• Arithmetic progressions and holomorphic phase retrieval
• Multi-window STFT phase retrieval: lattice uniqueness
• Phase Retrieval In The General Setting Of Continuous Frames For Banach Spaces
• Phase-retrieval in shift-invariant spaces with Gaussian generator
• Ill-Posed Problems: From Linear to Nonlinear and Beyond
• Uniqueness of phase retrieval from three measurements
• Injectivity of Gabor phase retrieval from lattice measurements
• Stable Gabor phase retrieval for multivariate functions
• Uniqueness of STFT phase retrieval in shift-invariant spaces
• Uniqueness of STFT phase retrieval for bandlimited functions
• Stability estimates for phase retrieval from discrete Gabor measurements
• Gabor phase retrieval is severely ill-posed
• High-Frequency Limit of the Inverse Scattering Problem: Asymptotic Convergence from Inverse Helmholtz to Inverse Liouville
• Stable phase retrieval from locally stable and conditionally connected measurements
• Stable phaseless sampling and reconstruction of real-valued signals with finite rate of innovation

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