Stable Gabor phase retrieval and spectral clustering

DOI10.1002/CPA.21799zbMATH Open1460.94022arXiv1706.04374OpenAlexW2963192679MaRDI QIDQ5381065FDOQ5381065

Authors: Martin Rathmair, Philipp Grohs 

Publication date: 7 June 2019

Published in: Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We consider the problem of reconstructing a signal $f$ from its spectrogram, i.e., the magnitudes $|V_{v}arphif|$ of its Gabor transform ${\displaystyle }$V_varphi f (x,y):=int_{mathbb{R}}f(t)e^{-pi (t-x)^2}e^{-2pi i y t}dt, quad x,yin mathbb{R}.${\displaystyle }$ Such problems occur in a wide range of applications, from optical imaging of nanoscale structures to audio processing and classification. While it is well-known that the solution of the above Gabor phase retrieval problem is unique up to natural identifications, the stability of the reconstruction has remained wide open. The present paper discovers a deep and surprising connection between phase retrieval, spectral clustering and spectral geometry. We show that the stability of the Gabor phase reconstruction is bounded by the reciprocal of the Cheeger constant of the flat metric on $mathbb{R}^2$, conformally multiplied with $|V_{v}arphif|$. The Cheeger constant, in turn, plays a prominent role in the field of spectral clustering, and it precisely quantifies the `disconnectedness' of the measurements $V_{v}arphif$. It has long been known that a disconnected support of the measurements results in an instability -- our result for the first time provides a converse in the sense that there are no other sources of instabilities. Due to the fundamental importance of Gabor phase retrieval in coherent diffraction imaging, we also provide a new understanding of the stability properties of these imaging techniques: Contrary to most classical problems in imaging science whose regularization requires the promotion of smoothness or sparsity, the correct regularization of the phase retrieval problem promotes the `connectedness' of the measurements in terms of bounding the Cheeger constant from below. Our work thus, for the first time, opens the door to the development of efficient regularization strategies.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.04374

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zbMATH Keywords

Cheeger constantphase retrievalGabor transform

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Signal theory (characterization, reconstruction, filtering, etc.) (94A12) Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms and other transforms of Fourier type (42A38) Special integral transforms (Legendre, Hilbert, etc.) (44A15) Stability theory for integral equations (45M10)

Cited In (37)

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