On the mean square average of special values of L-functions
On the mean square average of special values of \(L\)-functions
The work considers mean-values of the classical Dirichlet L-function \(L(s,\chi)\), attaining explicit formulas in two special values of \(s\). The results are following: For \(k \geq 3\) \[ \sum _{\substack{\chi \pmod k\\ \chi \text{ odd}}} |L(1,\chi)|^2 =\frac{\pi^2\varphi(k)}{4k^2}\left(\frac{J_2(k)}{3}-\varphi(k)\right) \] and \[ \sum _{\substack{\chi \pmod k\\ \chi \text{ even}}} |L(2,\chi)|^2=\frac{\pi^4\varphi(k)}{2k^4}\left(\frac {J_4(k)}{90}+\frac{J_2(k)}{9}\right). \] Here \[ J_n(k)=k^n\prod_{p\mid k}\left(1-\frac{1}{p^n}\right) \] is Jordan's totient function of order \(n\geq1\), and \(\varphi\) is Euler's totient function. As a consequence the author achieves the upper bound \[ |L(1,\chi)|<\phi(k) \] for almost all odd characters \(\chi\) (mod \(k\)) and for any function \(\phi(x)\) monotonically tending to infinity. This is in an almost all sense better than both of \textit{J. E. Littlewood}'s upper bound for real primitive \(\chi\) (where GRH is being assumed) [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 27, 358--372 (1928; JFM 54.0206.02)], and two bounds by \textit{P. T. Bateman, S. Chowla} and \textit{P. Erdős} [Publ. Math. 1, 165--182 (1950; Zbl 0036.30702)], as the author points out. The proofs lean on a general formula for \(L(r,\chi)\) by the author's earlier study, involving sums of the Gauss sums. It allows generalizations to bigger values of \(r\), when \(\chi\) and \(r \geq 1\) are of the same parity, as indicated in the article.
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