Embedding 3-manifolds with boundary into closed 3-manifolds

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2011.04.001MaRDI QIDQ549137zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Dmitry Tonkonog

Publication date 7 July 2011

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1003.3029

zbMATH Keywords

2-polyhedron3-manifold3-thickeningalgorithmic embeddability recognitionembeddinggraph genus

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Relations of low-dimensional topology with graph theory (57M15) Embeddings and immersions in PL-topology (57Q35) Regular neighborhoods in PL-topology (57Q40)

Abstract: We prove that there is an algorithm which determines whether or not a given 2-polyhedron can be embedded into some integral homology 3-sphere. This is a corollary of the following main result. Let $M$ be a compact connected orientable 3-manifold with boundary. Denote $$, $$ or $G=Q$. If $H_1(M;G)cong{G}^k$ and $$ is a surface of genus $g$, then the minimal group $H_1(Q;G)$ for closed 3-manifolds $Q$ containing $M$ is isomorphic to $G^{k-g}$. Another corollary is that for a graph $L$ the minimal number $$ for closed orientable 3-manifolds $Q$ containing $Limes{S}^1$ is twice the orientable genus of the graph.

Review text

Let \(M\) be a compact connected orientable 3-manifold with boundary and let \(\mathbb{F}\) be the field \(\mathbb{Z}_p\) or \(\mathbb{Q}\). Let \(g\) designate \(\roman {rank} H_1 (\partial M; \mathbb{Z})/2\). The author proves that \(\min_{M \hookrightarrow Q} \roman {rank} H_1 (Q; \mathbb{F}) = \roman {rank} H_1(M;\mathbb{F}) - g\), where the minimum is taken over closed orientable 3-manifolds \(Q\) such that \(M\) embeds in \(Q\). Furthermore, if \(H_1(M; \mathbb{Z}) \approx \mathbb{Z}^m\), then there is a \(Q\) such that \(H_1(Q; \mathbb{Z})\) has minimum rank and is isomorphic to \(\mathbb{Z}^{m-g}\). Two corollaries are worth emphasizing. One is that there exists an algorithm recognizing whether or not a given finite topological 2-polyhedron can be embedded in a homology 3-sphere. The other one states that, given a connected graph \(L\), the minimum rank of \(H_1 (Q; \mathbb{F})\) is twice the orientable genus of \(L\), where the minimum is taken over closed orientable 3-manifolds \(Q\) that contain \(L \times S^1\).

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Cites work

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Cited in

(5)

• Multibranched surfaces in 3-manifolds
• Characteristic class of isotopy for surfaces
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 465163 (Why is no real title available?)
• On the structure of closed 3-manifolds
• The maximum and minimum genus of a multibranched surface

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