Local torus actions modeled on the standard representation

Fiberings with singularities in algebraic topology (55R55) Specialized structures on manifolds (spin manifolds, framed manifolds, etc.) (57R15) Topological transformation groups (57S99)

Abstract: We introduce the notion of a local torus action modeled on the standard representation (for simplicity, we call it a local torus action). It is a generalization of a locally standard torus action and also an underlying structure of a locally toric Lagrangian fibration. For a local torus action, we define two invariants called a characteristic pair and an Euler class of the orbit map, and prove that local torus actions are classified topologically by them. As a corollary, we obtain a topological classification of locally standard torus actions, which is a generalization of the topological classification of quasi-toric manifolds by Davis and Januszkiewicz and of effective two-dimensional torus actions on four-dimensional manifolds without nontrivial finite stabilizers by Orlik and Raymond. We investigate locally toric Lagrangian fibrations from the viewpoint of local torus actions. We give a necessary and sufficient condition in order that a local torus action becomes a locally toric Lagrangian fibration. Locally toric Lagrangian fibrations are classified by Boucetta and Molino up to fiber-preserving symplectomorphisms. We shall reprove the classification theorem of locally toric Lagrangian fibrations by refining the proof of the classification theorem of local torus actions. We also investigate the topology of a manifold equipped with a local torus action when the Euler class of the orbit map vanishes.

Review text

An action of the \(n\)-dimensional compact torus \(T^n\) on a \(2n\)-dimensional manifold \(X\) is locally standard if each point of \(X\) is contained in a \(T^n\)-invariant open subset which is weakly (i.e., up to an automorphism of \(T^n\)) equivariantly diffeomorphic to some \(T^n\)-invariant subset of \({\mathbb C}^n\), equipped with the standard \(T^n\)-representation. Main examples of locally standard torus actions are quasi-toric manifolds, i.e., those for which the orbit space is an \(n\)-dimensional simple convex polytope. In this paper the author generalizes this concept to that of a local \(T^n\)-action modeled on the standard representation; for brevity, it is also just called a local \(T^n\)-action. Here, instead of a global \(T^n\)-action only the existence of a special atlas which is compatible with the standard \(T^n\)-representation on \({\mathbb C}^n\) in the following sense is required: the charts are homeomorphisms onto \(T^n\)-invariant open sets, and the changes of coordinates are weakly equivariant diffeomorphisms. Such a local \(T^n\)-action is not necessarily induced from a global one. The main goal of the paper is to find a complete set of topological invariants for local \(T^n\)-actions. The first invariant the author introduces is a generalization of the characteristic function of a quasi-toric manifold, which is the function that associates to each facet of the orbit space a primitive integral vector in the Lie algebra of its (one-dimensional) isotropy group. This invariant was introduced by \textit{M. W. Davis} and \textit{T. Januszkiewicz} [Duke Math. J. 62, No~2, 417--451 (1991; Zbl 0733.52006)] and shown to uniquely determine the quasi-toric manifold up to equivariant homeomorphism. To a local \(T^n\)-action on \(X\) one can still associate an orbit space \(B_X\), which carries the structure of an \(n\)-dimensional \(C^0\)-manifold with corners. In particular, it comes with a natural stratification, and one can consider the codimension-one part of this stratification (which in the quasi-toric case corresponds to the facets of the orbit space). The characteristic pair now consists of a certain principal \(\text{Aut}(T^n)\)-bundle over \(B_X\), together with a certain rank-one subbundle over the codimension-one part. Different from the quasi-toric case, this invariant does not distinguish all local \(T^n\)-actions. The second invariant of a local \(T^n\)-action the author intruduces is its Euler class; it is shown to vanish if and only if the projection \(X\to B_X\) admits a \(C^0\)-section. The main theorem of the paper is that for any choice of characteristic pair and Euler class there exists exactly one local \(T^n\)-action up to \(C^0\)-isomorphism (i.e., up to a homeomorphism which is weakly equivariant on each coordinate domain). Locally toric Lagrangian fibrations as introduced by \textit{M. D. Hamilton} [Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 971, i--v, 60 p. (2010, Zbl 1201.53088)] also induce a local \(T^n\)-action; the author investigates the question when a local \(T^n\)-action comes from a locally toric Lagrangian fibration, and proves a version of the classification theorem above for locally toric Lagrangian fibrations. In the final section, several topological invariants (fundamental group, cohomology, Euler characteristic and, in the oriented four-dimensional case, the signature) of spaces with a local \(T^n\)-action with vanishing Euler class are studied.

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