Polynomial quotients: Interpolation, value sets and Waring's problem

DOI10.4064/AA170-2-2MaRDI QIDQ5500820zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors

Publication date 10 August 2015

Published in Acta Arithmetica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.1913

zbMATH Keywords

character sumsFermat quotientsfixed pointspolynomial quotientsvalue setWaring problem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Waring's problem and variants (11P05) Polynomials over finite fields (11T06) Other character sums and Gauss sums (11T24)

Abstract: For an odd prime $p$ and an integer $wge1$, polynomial quotients $q_{p,w}(u)$ are defined by ${\displaystyle }$ q_{p,w}(u)equiv frac{u^w-u^{wp}}{p} �mod p ~~ mathrm{with}~~ 0 le q_{p,w}(u) le p-1, ~~uge 0, ${\displaystyle }$ which are generalizations of Fermat quotients $q_{p,p-1}(u)$. First, we estimate the number of elements $1leu<Nlep$ for which $$ for a given polynomial $f(x)$ over the finite field $mathbb{F}_p$. In particular, for the case $f(x)=x$ we get bounds on the number of fixed points of polynomial quotients. Second, before we study the problem of estimating the smallest number (called the Waring number) of summands needed to express each element of $mathbb{F}_p$ as sum of values of polynomial quotients, we prove some lower bounds on the size of their value sets, and then we apply these lower bounds to prove some bounds on the Waring number using results from bounds on additive character sums and additive number theory.

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Cited in

(3)

• Fermat curves over finite fields
• Additive character sums of polynomial quotients
• Interpolation of Fermat quotients

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