Shimura and Teichmüller curves
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Publication:550310
Abstract: We classify curves in the moduli space of curves that are both Shimura- and Teichmueller curves: Except for the moduli space of genus one curves there is only a single such curve. We start with a Hodge-theoretic description of Shimura curves and of Teichmueller curves that reveals similarities and differences of the two classes of curves. The proof of the classification relies on the geometry of square-tiled coverings and on estimating the numerical invariants of these particular fibered surfaces. Finally we translate our main result into a classification of Teichmueller curves with totally degenerate Lyapunov spectrum.
A Teichmüller curve in the moduli space \(M_{g}\) is an algebraic curve \(C\) which is the projection of a geodesic disc in the Teichmüller space \(T_{g}\) under the action of the modular group. There is a natural period map \(\pi:M_{g} \to A_{g}\), where \(A_{g}\) denotes the moduli space of principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension \(g\). One says that the curve \(C \subset M_{g}\) is a Shimura curve if it is totally geodesic for the Hodge metric. In this paper, the author proves that Teichmüller-Shimura curves only exist for \(g=3,4\) (in which cases it is unique) and that they do not exist for either \(g=2\) or \(g \geq 6\). The case \(g=5\) still open and the author conjectures the non-existence.
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