Varieties of universal algebras with ideals

A characterization of the varieties (primitive classes) of universal algebras, in which congruence relations are uniquely determined by their null classes, is given. Let \(\mathfrak M\) be a variety of universal algebras of a given similarity type containing a nullary operation \(0\) such that in every algebra of \(\mathfrak M\) the one-element subset containing \(0\) is a subalgebra. It is proved that the following three conditions are equivalent: (1) For all \(A\in\mathfrak M\), whenever \(\theta_1\) and \(\theta_2\) are congruence relations in \(A\) such that \(x\theta_10 \leftrightarrow x\theta_20\) for all \(x\in A\), then \(\theta_1 = \theta_2\). (\(\mathfrak M\) is called ``variety with ideals in this case.) (2) There exist binary derivative operations \(\sigma_1,\ldots,\sigma_n\) (i.e. operations given by a word containing only function symbols of the given similarity type and two variables) such that \(xx\sigma_i =0\) is an identity in \(\mathfrak M\) \((i =1,\ldots,m)\) and for any two different elements \(a_1\), \(a_2\) of any algebra \(A\in\mathfrak M\) there exists at least one natural number \(j\) \((1\le j\le m)\) such that \(a_1a_2\sigma_j\ne 0\). (3) There exist natural numbers \(k\), \(l\), binary derivative operations \(\sigma_1,\ldots,\sigma_k\) and \((2k+2)\)-ary derivative operations \(\tau_1,\ldots,\tau_l\) in \(\mathfrak M\) such that in any algebra of \(\mathfrak M\) the following identities are satisfied: \[ xx\sigma_j =0\ (j =1,\ldots,k); x=xy(xy\sigma_1)\cdots (xy\sigma_k) 0 \cdots 0 \tau_1; \] \[ xy0 \cdots 0(xy\sigma_1) \cdots (xy\sigma_k) \tau_j = xy ( xy\sigma_1) \cdots (xy\sigma_k) 0 \cdots 0 \tau_{j+1} \ (j =1,\ldots, l-1); \] \[ xy0 \cdots 0(xy\sigma_1) \cdots (xy\sigma_k) \tau_l = y. \] Let \(D(\mathfrak M)\) be the set of all ordered pairs \((k,l)\) of positive integers such that there exist \(\sigma_1,\ldots,\sigma_k\), \(\tau_1,\ldots,\tau_l\) in \(\mathfrak M\) as in (3). If \(\mathfrak M\) is the variety of groups (or rings, or loops, or loops with a given domain of multioperators), then \((1,1)\in D(\mathfrak M)\). Varieties \(\mathfrak M_1\) and \(\mathfrak M_2\) with ideals are constructed such that \((1,l) \notin D(\mathfrak M_1)\) for any \(l\) and \((k,1)\notin D(\mathfrak M_2)\) for any \(k\).

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