Locally conformally flat multidimensional cosmological models with a higher-dimensional external spacetime
The large scale of the observable part of the universe is well described by the standard four-dimensional Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model which is known to be locally conformally flat. At Planck distances, however, the space-time manifold may admit extra dimensions. The paper under review describes the local structure of locally conformally flat multidimensional cosmological models with the underlying structure of a warped product of the Lorentzian external space-time of dimension \(d \geq 2\) and a finite number of Riemannian internal spaces. Taking into account that a Lorentzian manifold is locally conformally flat if and only if every null vector field is isotropic, to wit the light ray density of the observer's heavenly sphere is locally uniform in Lorentzian geometry [\textit{J. C. Baez}, ``The octonions, Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 39, 145--205 (2002); errata ibid. 42, 213 (2005); Zbl 1026.17001], the paper establishes that the local conformal flatness implies that in the product manifold not more than \(d + 2\) different internal spaces will occur, and all internal spaces of dimension \(\geq 2\) are of constant curvature, and not more than two of them may have non-positive curvature. In addition, a local description of multidimensional cosmological models of constant curvature obtains establishing that no more than \(d\) different internal spaces may occur in the flat manifold case, and not more than \(d + 1\) spaces occur in the non-flat case. The proof exploits the properties of the Weyl projective curvature tensor; this tensor has trace zero, and its vanishing characterizes a projectively flat manifold [\textit{W. A. Poor}, Differential geometric structures. McGraw-Hill, New York (1981; Zbl 0493.53027)]. Furthermore, some restrictions of the geometry of the internal spaces in terms of the signs of their constant curvatures are studied. Also, the scale factors are determined up to a conformal factor. As an example, the local conformal flatness of two families of five-dimensional metrics which embed four-dimensional Friedmann-Robertson-Walker models with flat, spherical or hyperbolic spatial sections is analyzed.
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