Lack of thermalization in (1+1)-d quantum chromodynamics at large N_c

DOI10.1088/1742-5468/AB4E8DMaRDI QIDQ5854077zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Axel Cortés Cubero, Neil Robinson

Publication date 16 March 2021

Published in Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.00270

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Strong interaction, including quantum chromodynamics (81V05) Quantum equilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82B10)

Abstract: Motivated by recent works aimed at understanding the status of equilibration and the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in theories with confinement, we return to the 't Hooft model, the large-$N_c$ limit of (1+1)-d quantum chromodynamics. This limit has been studied extensively since its inception in the mid-1970s, with various exact results being known, such as the quark and meson propagators, the quark-antiquark interaction vertex, and the meson decay amplitude. We then argue this model is an ideal laboratory to study non-equilibrium phenomena, since it is manifestly non-integrable, yet one retains a high level of analytic control through large-$N_c$ diagrammatics. We first elucidate what are the non-equilibrium manifestations of the phenomenon of large-$N_c$ volume independence. We then find that within the confined phase, there is a class of initial states that lead to a violation of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, i.e. the system never thermalizes. This is due to the existence of heavy mesons with an extensive amount of energy, a phenomenon that has been numerically observed recently in the quantum Ising chain.

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Cited in

(5)

• Thermodynamics of large \(N\) gauge theories with chemical potentials in a \(1/D\) expansion
• Quenches and confinement in a Heisenberg-Ising spin ladder
• Simple non-perturbative resummation schemes beyond mean-field II: Thermodynamics of scalar ϕ4 theory in 1 + 1 dimensions at arbitrary coupling
• Confinement in the spectrum of a Heisenberg-Ising spin ladder
• Entanglement of stationary states in the presence of unstable quasiparticles

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