The second moment of S_n(t) on the Riemann hypothesis

Abstract: Let

be the argument of the Riemann zeta-function at the point

f r a c 12 + i t

. For

n g e q 1

and

t > 0

define its antiderivatives as �egin{equation*} S_n(t) = int_0^t S_{n-1}( au) hspace{0.08cm} m d au + delta_n, end{equation*} where

d e l t a_{n}

is a specific constant depending on

n

and

S_{0} (t) := S (t)

. In 1925, J. E. Littlewood proved, under the Riemann Hypothesis, that

int_{0}^{T}|S_n(t)|^2 hspace{0.06cm} m dt = O(T),

for

n g e q 1

. In 1946, Selberg unconditionally established the explicit asymptotic formulas for the second moments of

S (t)

and

S_{1} (t)

. This was extended by Fujii for

S_{n} (t)

, when

n g e q 2

. Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, we give the explicit asymptotic formula for the second moment of

S_{n} (t)

up to the second-order term, for

n g e q 1

. Our result conditionally refines Selberg's and Fujii's formulas and extends previous work by Goldston in 1987, where the case

n = 0

was considered.

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