Quantum phase transition and spontaneous symmetry breaking in a nonlinear quantum Rabi model

DOI10.1088/1751-8121/AB9BD0zbMATH Open1506.82013arXiv1804.08128OpenAlexW3035758958MaRDI QIDQ5871632FDOQ5871632

Authors: Zu-Jian Ying, Lei Cong, Ximei Sun 

Publication date: 23 January 2023

Published in: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The experimental advance on light-matter interaction into strong couplings has invalidated Jaynes-Cummings model and brought quantum Rabi model (QRM) to more relevance. The QRM only involves linear coupling via a single-photon process (SPP), while nonlinear two-photon process (TPP) is weaker and conventionally neglected. However, we find a contrary trend that enhancing the linear coupling might not suppress more the nonlinear effect but backfire to trigger some collapse of linear characters. Indeed, in strong SPP couplings a tiny strength of TPP may dramatically change properties of the system, like a symmetry spontaneous breaking. By extracting the ground-state phase diagram including both SPP and TPP, we find TPP in low frequency limit induces a quantum phase transition with continuity-discontinuity double faces, which split into two distinct transitions at finite frequencies and yields a triple point. Our analysis unveils a subtle SPP-TPP entanglement.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.08128

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zbMATH Keywords

phase transitionspontaneous symmetry breakingnonlinear couplinglight-matter interaction

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symmetry breaking in quantum theory (81R40) Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B26)

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Cited In (3)

• How is the ground state of the (generalized) quantum Rabi model dressed with a real photon?
• Continuous phase transition induced by non-Hermiticity in the quantum contact process model
• The Rabi model gives off a flavor of spontaneous SUSY breaking

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