Hilbert and Bessel properties of systems of root functions of 2mth-order operators

DOI10.1023/A:1019286330493MaRDI QIDQ5951176zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors N. V. Assonova

Publication date 2001

Published in Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1019286330493

zbMATH Keywords

Bessel propertieseigenfunctionsHilbert propertiesHilbert spaceroot functions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Eigenfunctions, eigenfunction expansions, completeness of eigenfunctions of ordinary differential operators (34L10) (Generalized) eigenfunction expansions of linear operators; rigged Hilbert spaces (47A70) General theory of ordinary differential operators (47E05)

Review text

A system \(\{e_n\}_{n=1}^\infty\) of elements in the Hilbert space \({\mathbb H}\) is called Hilbert (respectively Bessel) system if \[ \exists\;\alpha>0\;\;\forall f\in{\mathbb H}\;\;\sum_{n=1}^\infty | (f,e_n)| ^2\geq\alpha\| f\| ^2 \] \[ \left( \text{respectively }\exists\;\beta>0\;\;\forall f\in{\mathbb H}\;\;\sum_{n=1}^\infty | (f,e_n)| ^2\leq\beta\| f\| ^2\right). \] These conditions are important in various problems of (numerical) approximation related, for example, to systems of eigenfunctions of a differential operator. Here a little bit more general objects, the so-called root functions, are used. A natural space in this case is \({\mathbb H}=L^2(a,b)\). \vskip .1 in Two kinds of ordinary differential operators are considered here: \[ L_1\tilde u=\tilde u^{(2m)} \] and \[ L_2u=u^{(2m)}+p_2(x)u^{(2m-2)}+ p_3(x)u^{(2m-3)}+\cdots+p_{2m-1}(x)u'+p_{2m}(x)u. \] The main result of the present paper consists in stating and proving (very technical) sufficient conditions implying that if one of the two systems \[ \{u_{n,p}/\| u_{n,p}\| \}\quad \text{and}\quad \{\widetilde {u}_{n,p}/\| \widetilde {u}_{n,p}\| \} \] of normalized root functions is Hilbert or Bessel, then the same holds for the other one. Here it should be explained why double indexation is used: the root functions are very similar to the eigenfunctions, hence the first index corresponds to the number of the eigenvalue, while the second one is related to its multiplicity. Relations between corresponding coefficients \(\alpha\), \(\widetilde\alpha\) and \(\beta\), \(\widetilde\beta\) are also given.

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(8)

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