The period function near a polycyclic with two semi-hyperbolic vertices
Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations (34C05) Theory of limit cycles of polynomial and analytic vector fields (existence, uniqueness, bounds, Hilbert's 16th problem and ramifications) for ordinary differential equations (34C07) Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C25) Homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C37) Asymptotic expansions of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34E05) Periodic orbits of vector fields and flows (37C27)
Let \(P\) be a polycycle of an analytic vector field with two critical points (the vertices) and two regular trajectories (the sides). Assume also that the two critical points are semi-hyperbolic and that \(P\) is the boundary of an annulus of periodic orbits.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThis paper is devoted to find the principal part of the function that gives the period of the orbits when they approach to \(P.\) To be more precise, we introduce some notations. Let \(\Sigma\) be a half-transversal section to \(P\) at a point \(p\in P,\) and parameterize it by \(s\in\mathbb{R}^+.\) Denote by \(T(s)\) the period of the orbit that passes trough \(\Sigma\) at the point with parameter \(s.\) The fact that \(P\) is the boundary of an annulus of periodic orbits forces that one of the sides of \(P\) (the center side) is contained in the center manifolds of both vertices and the other side (the hyperbolic side) is contained in the varieties associated to the nonzero eigenvalues of the vertices. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe main result of this paper is that, if \(p\) is in the hyperbolic side of \(P,\) then the map \(T\) satisfies \(T(s)=ks^{-n}(1+\varepsilon(s)),\) where \(k>0,\) \(n\in \mathbb{N}\) with \(\varepsilon(s)\to 0\) if \(s\to 0^+.\) One of the key ingredients of the proof is that in a neighborhood of each of the critical points there exist \(C^\infty\) coordinates such that the differential equation writes as \(x'=x^{n+1}f(x,y),\quad y'=-y(n+\lambda x^n)f(x,y),\) where \(f\) is a strictly positive \(C^\infty\) function, with \(n\in\mathbb{N}\) and \(\lambda\in\mathbb{R}\).
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