Simple Jordan color algebras arising from associative graded algebras
Let \(R\) be an associative algebra over a field \(F\) of characteristic \(\neq 2\), graded by an abelian group \(G\): \(R=\oplus_{g\in G}R_g\). A map \(\varepsilon: G\times G\rightarrow F\) is called a bicharacter if \(\varepsilon(gh,k)=\varepsilon(g,k)\varepsilon(h,k)\) and \(\varepsilon(g,h)\varepsilon(h,g)=1\) for any \(g,h,k\in G\). Then, with the new product given by \(x\circ y=xy+\varepsilon(\overline x,\overline y)yx\) for any homogeneous elements \(x\in R_{\overline x}\), \(y\in R_{\overline y}\), \(R\) becomes a Jordan color algebra, denoted by \(R^+\). With \(G\) the cyclic group of order \(2\) and \(\varepsilon\) the nontrivial bicharacter, one obtains the natural Jordan superalgebra associated to \(R\) by supersymmetrizing the multiplication in \(R\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEA graded linear map \(*:R\rightarrow R\) is said to be a color involution if \(x^{**}=x\) and \((xy)^*=\varepsilon(\overline x,\overline y)y^*x^*\), for any homogeneous elements \(x,y\). Then the set of \(*\)-symmetric elements: \(H(R,*)\), is a Jordan color subalgebra of \(R^+\). In the same vein, a Lie color algebra \(R^-\) is obtained by means of the \(\varepsilon\)-skew-symmetrized product \([x,y]=xy-\varepsilon(\overline x,\overline y)yx\), and the set of skew-symmetric elements \(K(R,*)\) is a Lie color subalgebra of \(R^-\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE\textit{I. N. Herstein} [Am. J. Math. 77, 279-285 (1955; Zbl 0064.03601)] studied the Lie and Jordan rings of a simple associative ring. This was extended to superalgebras by \textit{C. Gómez-Ambrosi} and \textit{I. P. Shestakov} [J. Algebra 208, 43-71 (1998; Zbl 0916.17007)] and \textit{C. Gómez-Ambrosi} and \textit{F. Montaner} [Commun. Algebra 28, 3743-3762 (2000; Zbl 0997.17020)]. The Lie color structure of associative graded algebras has been studied by \textit{S. Montgomery} [J. Algebra 195, 558-579 (1997; Zbl 0890.17032)]; her results are instrumental here. The paper under review is devoted to extending Herstein's results on Jordan rings to the graded setting above. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe main results of the paper assert that for a graded simple algebra \(R\), the Jordan color algebra \(R^+\) is simple unless \(R\) is a twisted group algebra of \(G\); and if \(*\) is a color involution of \(R\), then \(H(R,*)\) is simple too, unless \(R\) is either a twisted group algebra or an algebra of \(2\times 2\)-matrices over a color central subalgebra, and \(*\) has a very specific form.
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