A construction of G₂-manifolds from K3 surfaces with a Z₂^2-action

Global theory and resolution of singularities (algebro-geometric aspects) (14E15) (K3) surfaces and Enriques surfaces (14J28) (G)-structures (53C10) Issues of holonomy in differential geometry (53C29)

Abstract: A product of a K3 surface

S

and a flat 3-dimensional torus

T^{3}

is a manifold with holonomy

S U (2)

. Since

S U (2)

is a subgroup of

G_{2}

,

S i m e s T^{3}

carries a torsion-free

G_{2}

-structure. We assume that

S

admits an action of

m a t h b b Z_{2}^{2}

with certain properties. There are several possibilities to extend this action to

S i m e s T^{3}

. A recent result of Joyce and Karigiannis allows us to resolve the singularities of

(S i m e s T^{3}) / m a t h b b Z_{2}^{2}

such that we obtain smooth

G_{2}

-manifolds. We classify the quotients

(S i m e s T^{3}) / m a t h b b Z_{2}^{2}

under certain restrictions and compute the Betti numbers of the corresponding

G_{2}

-manifolds. Moreover, we study a class of quotients by a non-abelian group. Several of our examples have new values of

(b^{2}, b^{3})

.

Review text

\(G_2\)-manifolds are \(7\)-dimensional manifolds with a torsion-free \(G_2\)-structure, i.e., a \(3\)-form \(\varphi\) which is nondegenerate and satisfies \(\nabla \varphi=0\). Here \(\nabla\) is the Levi-Civita connection of the metric which is induced by \(\varphi\) itself in a nonlinear way. Such manifolds are Ricci-flat and the holonomy of the metric is contained in the exceptional Lie group \(G_2\leq SO(7)\). Since \(\nabla\) is obtained from \(\varphi\), the equation \(\nabla \varphi=0\) is a nonlinear PDE and is very difficult to solve. Thus, any construction of compact \(G_2\)-manifolds which are irreducible, i.e., not a product manifold is important. All the known constructions of compact \(G_2\)-manifolds are gluing construction with the first being a generalized Kummer construction by \textit{D. D. Joyce} [J. Differ. Geom. 43, No. 2, 291--328 (1996; Zbl 0861.53022); J. Differ. Geom. 43, No. 2, 291--328 (1996; Zbl 0861.53022)], followed by a \emph{twisted connected sum} construction by \textit{A. Kovalev} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 565, 125--160 (2003; Zbl 1043.53041)], \textit{A. Kovalev} and \textit{N.-H. Lee} [Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 151, No. 2, 193--218 (2011; Zbl 1228.53064)] and a vast generalization of these by \textit{A. Corti} et al. [Duke Math. J. 164, No. 10, 1971--2092 (2015; Zbl 1343.53044)]. A new construction of compact \(G_2\)-manifolds was given by \textit{D. Joyce} and \textit{S. Karigiannis} [J. Differ. Geom. 117, No. 2, 255--343 (2021; Zbl 1464.53067)]. This paper looks at the Joyce-Karigiannis construction by resolving the singularities of \((S\times T^3)/\mathbb{Z}_2^2\) with \(S\) being a \(K3\) surface. The author achieves this by looking at different extensions of the action of \(\mathbb{Z}_2^2\) on \(S\) to \(S\times T^3\) and then finally checking whether the fundamental group of the resolved manifolds is finite to get a compact manifold with holonomy equal to \(G_2\). The author also computes the Betti numbers of the resolved manifolds to obtain new topological types of compact \(G_2\)-manifolds obtained by the Joyce-Karigiannis construction. The main theorems of the paper are Theorems 4.2, 4.8 and 4.11. The paper is well-written and explains the differential geometric and topological aspects clearly.

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