Isoparametric hypersurfaces in product spaces

DOI10.1016/J.DIFGEO.2023.102005MaRDI QIDQ6044451zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors João Batista Marques dos Santos, João Paulo dos Santos

Publication date 19 May 2023

Published in Differential Geometry and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.09072

zbMATH Keywords

isoparametric hypersurfacesparallel CMC-hypersurfacesproduct spaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Minimal surfaces in differential geometry, surfaces with prescribed mean curvature (53A10) Differential geometry of symmetric spaces (53C35) Global submanifolds (53C40) Differentiable structures in differential topology (57R55)

Abstract: In this paper, we characterize and classify the isoparametric hypersurfaces with constant principal curvatures in the product spaces $mathbb{Q}_{c_1}^{2}imesmathbb{Q}_{c_2}^2$, where $mathbb{Q}_{c_i}^2$ is a space form with constant sectional curvature $c_i$, for $c_{1}eq{c}_2$.

Review text

A hypersurface in a Riemannian manifold is called isoparametric if it has constant mean curvature (CMC) as well as its nearby equidistant hypersurfaces, or equivalently, it is a regular level set of an isoparametric function on the ambient manifold. Figuratively an isoparametric hypersurface comes naturally with a family of parallel CMC hypersurfaces. When the ambient manifold has constant sectional curvature, it was proven by \textit{É. Cartan} [Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4) 17, 177--191 (1938; JFM 64.1361.02)] that the family property ``parallel CMC of isoparametric hypersurfaces is equivalent to the single property ``CPC (constant principal curvature). Isoparametric hypersurfaces in real space forms have been classified thanks to many contributions, as for example [\textit{Q.-S. Chi}, in: Proceedings of the international consortium of Chinese mathematicians, 2018. Second meeting, Taipei, Taiwan, December 2018. Somerville, MA: International Press. 197--260 (2020; Zbl 1465.53016)]. For general Riemannian manifolds, these two properties are different: there are examples of both non-CPC isoparametric and non-isoparametric CPC hypersurfaces. In this paper, the authors study \(3\)-dimensional isoparametric hypersurfaces in products \(\mathbb{Q}^2_{c_1}\times\mathbb{Q}^2_{c_2}\) of real space forms with different curvatures \(c_1\neq c_2\in\{-1,0,1\}\). Generalizing results by \textit{J. Julio-Batalla} [Differ. Geom. Appl. 60, 1--8 (2018; Zbl 1397.53069)] in \(\mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{R}^2\), they characterize the CPC property for these isoparametric hypersurfaces by constancy of the norms of two components of the unit normal vector field. Using this characterization, they completely classify these CPC isoparametric hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb{Q}^2_{c_1}\times\mathbb{Q}^2_{c_2}\). The proof is taken by cleverly combining techniques developed in [\textit{F. Urbano}, Commun. Anal. Geom. 27, No. 6, 1381--1416 (2019; Zbl 1429.53078); Julio-Batalla, loc. cit.; \textit{M. Domínguez-Vázquez} and \textit{J. M. Manzano}, Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa, Cl. Sci. (5) 22, No. 1, 269--285 (2021; Zbl 1470.53058)]. As for investigations of isoparametric hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb{H}^2\times\mathbb{H}^2\), i.e., \(c_1=c_2=-1\), we refer to the papers cited in the introduction of this paper. As for isoparametric hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb{S}^2\times \mathbb{S}^2\), the reviewer and \textit{M. Radeschi} [Math. Ann. 363, No. 1--2, 525--548 (2015; Zbl 1327.53054)] classified their equivalence classes to be the lens spaces \(L(2m,1)\), \(m\geq0\).

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Cites work

• A filtration for isoparametric hypersurfaces in Riemannian manifolds
• A nonisoparametric hypersurface with constant principal curvatures
• Constant angle surfaces in product spaces
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3816525 (Why is no real title available?)
• Inhomogeneous isoparametric hypersurfaces in complex hyperbolic spaces
• Isoparametric functions on \(\mathbb{R}^n \times \mathbb{M}^m\)
• Isoparametric hypersurfaces in Damek-Ricci spaces
• Isoparametric surfaces in E(\kappa,\tau)-spaces
• On hypersurfaces of \(\mathbb{S}^2 \times \mathbb{S}^2\)
• Submanifolds and Holonomy

Cited in

(10)

• Isoparametric and Dupin hypersurfaces
• Hypersurfaces with constant principal curvatures in \(\mathbb{S}^n\times\mathbb{R}\) and \(\mathbb{H}^n\times\mathbb{R}\)
• On hypersurfaces of \(\mathbb{S}^2 \times \mathbb{S}^2\)
• Isoparametric hypersurfaces in complex hyperbolic spaces
• A class of special hypersurfaces in real space forms
• On hypersurfaces of \(\mathbb{H}^2 \times \mathbb{H}^2\)
• Isoparametric hypersurfaces in product spaces of space forms
• Fischer-Marsden equation on hypersurfaces in the product spaces of space forms
• On real hypersurfaces in product spaces of space forms with parallel normal Jacobi operator
• Hypersurfaces of \(\mathbb{S}^3 \times \mathbb{R}\) and \(\mathbb{H}^3 \times \mathbb{R}\) with constant principal curvatures

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