Rigidity and symmetry of cylindrical handlebody-knots
The basic objects of the paper are handlebody-knots of genus two, i.e. genus-two handlebodies embedded in \(S^3\) (generalizing the genus-one case of classical knot theory). General handlebody-knots can be classified into four classes: reducible; irreducible toroidal; irreducible atoroidal cylindrical; hyperbolic (the exterior admits a hyperbolic metric with totally geodesic boundary). \textit{K. Funayoshi} and \textit{Y. Koda} showed [Q. J. Math. 71, No. 1, 175--196 (2020; Zbl 1437.57028)] that the symmetry group (the group of isotopy classes of homeomorphisms of \(S^3\) preserving the handlebody) of a genus-two handlebody-knot is finite if and only if it is either hyperbolic, or irreducible, atoroidal and cylindrical (the exterior contains an essential annulus); not much is known about the structure of these finite symmetry groups (in contrast to the symmetry groups of knots which are cyclic or dihedral). Based on a theorem of \textit{Y. Koda} et al. [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 367, No. 4, 2875--2904 (2015; Zbl 1310.57015)], essential annuli in a genus-two handlebody knot exterior can be classified into seven types, of which only four can occur in an irreducible, atoroidal handlebody-knot exterior. ``We show that under mild conditions most genus-two cylindrical handlebody-knot exteriors contain no essential disks or tori, and when a Type 3.3 annulus exists, it is often unique up to isotopy; a classification result for symmetry groups of such cylindrical handlebody-knots is also obtained (proving that they are subgroups of \(\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2\)). As an application, the author obtains the symmetry groups of two handlebody-knots in the list of handlebody-knots up to six crossings due to \textit{A. Ishii} et al. [J. Knot Theory Ramifications 21, No. 4, 1250035, 9 p. (2012; Zbl 1236.57015)] (but for most elements of the list the symmetry group remains unknown).
- Unknotting annuli and handlebody-knot symmetry
- A TABLE OF GENUS TWO HANDLEBODY-KNOTS UP TO SIX CROSSINGS
- Essential surfaces of non-negative Euler characteristic in genus two handlebody exteriors
- A table of n-component handlebody links of genus n+1 up to six crossings
- The quandle coloring invariant of a reducible handlebody-knot
- Two-Generator Cable Knots are Tunnel One
- Knotted handle decomposing spheres for handlebody-knots
- EXTENDING AUTOMORPHISMS OF THE GENUS-2 SURFACE OVER THE 3-SPHERE
- The knots in \(D^ 2\times S^ 1\) which have nontrivial Dehn surgeries that yield \(D^ 2\times S^ 1\)
- Extending homeomorphisms from punctured surfaces to handlebodies.
- A \(G\)-family of quandles and handlebody-knots
- A TABLE OF GENUS TWO HANDLEBODY-KNOTS UP TO SIX CROSSINGS
- An Equivariant Torus Theorem for Involutions
- An invariant derived from the Alexander polynomial for handlebody-knots
- Automorphisms of the 3-sphere that preserve spatial graphs and handlebody-knots
- Die Abbildungen der Brezelfläche und der Vollbrezel vom Geschlecht 2
- Essential surfaces of non-negative Euler characteristic in genus two handlebody exteriors
- EXTENDING AUTOMORPHISMS OF THE GENUS-2 SURFACE OVER THE 3-SPHERE
- Homeomorphisms of sufficiently large P^2-irreducible 3-manifolds
- Homotopy groups of the space of homeomorphisms on a 2-manifold
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 795683 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 921468 (Why is no real title available?)
- Incompressible surfaces in the knot manifolds of torus knots
- Inequivalent genus 2 handlebodies in S^ 3 with homeomorphic complement
- Inequivalent handlebody-knots with homeomorphic complements
- Involutions of sufficiently large 3-manifolds
- Knotted handle decomposing spheres for handlebody-knots
- Non-simple links with tunnel number one
- Numerical irreducibility criteria for handlebody links
- On simple systems of paths on complete pretzels
- On unknotting tunnels for knots
- Primitives in the free group on two generators
- Quandle cocycle invariants for spatial graphs and knotted handlebodies
- Scindements de Heegaard des espaces lenticulaires
- The quandle coloring invariant of a reducible handlebody-knot
- Thin position of a pair (3-manifold, 1-submanifold).
- Three dimensional manifolds, Kleinian groups and hyperbolic geometry
- Topological chirality of certain molecules
- Topological symmetry groups and mapping class groups for spatial graphs
- Topology and combinatorics of 3-manifolds
- Unknotting annuli and handlebody-knot symmetry
- What does a basis of F(a,b) look like?
- Unknotting annuli and handlebody-knot symmetry
- EXTENDING AUTOMORPHISMS OF THE GENUS-2 SURFACE OVER THE 3-SPHERE
- Essential surfaces of non-negative Euler characteristic in genus two handlebody exteriors
- Annulus configurations in handlebody-knot exteriors
- JSJ decomposition for handlebody-knots
- Unique 3-decomposition and mapping classes of knotted handlebodies
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