Lattices in real quadratic fields and associated theta series arising from codes over F₄ and F₂ F₂
Let \( C \subset\mathbf{ F}_{2}^{n}\) be a linear code, i.e., an \(\mathbf{F}_{2}\)-subspace. It is well-known that one can associate to \(\mathcal{C}\) a lattice \(\Lambda(\mathcal{C}) \subset \mathbf{Z}^{n}\) by setting \(\Lambda(\mathcal{C}) = \rho^{-1}(C)\) with \(\rho:\mathbf{Z}^{n} \rightarrow \mathbf{F}^{n}_{2}\) being the (componentwise) reduction modulo \( 2\) map. Given \(\Lambda(\mathcal{C})\), one can associate a theta series \(\Theta_{\Lambda(\mathcal{C})}\).One can ask if there are analogous constructions and results for codes \(\mathcal{C}\subset \mathbf{F}_{q}^{n}\) for \(q\) a prime power. It is indeed the case if one replaces \(\mathbf{Z}^{n}\) by the ring of integers \(\mathcal{O}_{K_{d}}\) of an imaginary quadratic field \(K_{d}=\mathbf{Q}(\sqrt{-d}).\) (see [\textit{K. S. Chua}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 133, No. 3, 661--670 (2005; Zbl 1162.11360); \textit{T. Shaska} and \textit{G. S. Wijesiri}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 136, No. 3, 849--857 (2008; Zbl 1133.11042)]). It is shown here that the results given by Shaska and Wijesiri [loc. cit.] have analogous results in the real quadratic field case. Adjusting the definitions appropriately, the arguments carry over to this case nearly exactly. In particular, the main result of this paper is as follows. Let \(\mathcal{C} \subset \mathcal{R}^{n}\) be a code with \(\mathcal{R}\) given by \(\mathbf{F_{4}}\) or \(\mathbf{F}_{2} \times \mathbf{F}_{2}\). Let \(d, d'\) be positive integers, \(d >d'\) and \(d \equiv d' \equiv 5 (\mathrm{mod}~ 8)\) or \(d \equiv d' \equiv 1 (\mathrm{mod}~ 8)\). Let \(\rho_{ d} :\mathcal{O}_{K_{d}} \rightarrow \mathcal{R}^{n}\) be the component-wise reduction modulo \(2\mathcal{O}_{K_{d}}\) map, and similarly for \(\rho_{d'}\). Let \(\Lambda_{d}(\mathcal{C})=\rho^{-1}_{d}(\mathcal{C})\) and likewise for \(\Lambda_{d'}(\mathcal{C}).\) One has \(\Theta_{ \Lambda_{d}(\mathcal{C})} = \Theta_{ \Lambda_{d'}(\mathcal{C})} + O\big(q^{\frac{d'+1}{2}}\big).\) The paper concludes with several examples.
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