Rational points on Atkin-Lehner quotients of geometrically hyperelliptic Shimura curves
Shimura curves are generalizations of modular curves. They parameterize abelian surfaces with multiplication by an indefinite quaternion algebra \(B\) of discriminant \(D\). If the discriminant of \(B\) is \(1\) then it is a modular curve. Analogous to the modular case there is a notion of level. Hence a Shimura curve is determined by two invariants -- the discriminant \(D\) and the level \(N\). Let \(X(D,N)\) denote the Shimura curve of discriminant \(D\) and level \(N\). \(CM\) points on Shimura curves are points where the abelian surface is a product of two isogenous \(CM\) elliptic curves over an imaginary quadratic field \(K\) such that \(B \subset M_2(K)\). In this paper the authors study hyperelliptic Shimura curves and Atkin-Lerner quotients of these curves. Their motivation is to study rational points on these curves. It is known that there are no real points on Shimura curves - so one cannot expect to find \({\mathbb Q}\)-rational points. However there is a group of involutions which act on \(X(D,N)\) called Atkin-Lerner involutions. One can then look for rational points on \(X(D,N)/W\), where \(W\) is a subgroup of the group of Atkin-Lerner involutions. The equations determining hyperelliptic Shimura curves were determined by \textit{J.-W. Guo} and \textit{Y. Yang} [Compos. Math. 153, No. 1, 1--40 (2017; Zbl 1456.11045)] a few years ago, building on the works of several other people. The authors main result is to determine the defining equations for Atkin-Lerner quotients of hyperelliptic curves. They created a database of the equations determined by the data of \(D\), \(N\) and \(W\), where \(W\) is a subgroup of the group of Atkin-Lerner involutions. Armed with these equations the authors use several different techniques to determine the set of points in \(X(D,N)/W({\mathbb Q})\). Finally they use some results of Gonzalez-Rotger to determine if and when those points are CM points.
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