Hyperelliptic parametrizations of Q-curves
Holomorphic modular forms of integral weight (11F11) Elliptic curves over global fields (11G05) Arithmetic aspects of modular and Shimura varieties (11G18) [https://duckduckgo.com/?q=MSC%2011G30%20%22Curves+of+arbitrary+genus+or+genus+%28%0D%0Ae+1%29+over+global+fields%22 Curves of arbitrary genus or genus ( e 1) over global fields (11G30)] Modular and Shimura varieties (14G35) Arithmetic ground fields for curves (14H25)
A \(\mathbb Q\)-curve is an elliptic curve defined over an algebraic number field which is isogenous to all Galois conjugates. Every \(\mathbb Q\)-curve has CM or is parametrized by a rational point of the quotient \(X_0(N)^*\) of the modular curve \(X_0(N)\) by the group of the Atkin-Lehner involutions of \(X_0(N)\) for some square-free integer \(N\). In this article, the authors study \(\mathbb Q\)-curves and their \(j\)-invariants parametrized by the rational points of \(X_0(N)^*\), when the genus \(g_N^*\) of \(X_0(N)^*\) is equal to \(2\). There are exactly 36 values of square-free \(N\) for which \(g_N^*=2\). For these \(N\), they find rational points of \(X_0(N)^*\) by the computation using MAGMA and, by a Chabauty procedure on a finite set of unramified \(2\)-coverings of the curve, they determine all rational points of \(19\) curves among these \(36\) curves. They determine which of the parametrized \(\mathbb Q\)-curves have CM and, for all of them they give the discriminant \(D\) of the order providing CM. Further. for each \(\mathbb Q\)-curve, they give its \(j\)-invariant or the field \(\mathbb Q(j)\) explicitly. As an example, for \(N=67\), they explain how to obtain their results in detail. Their results show that almost all of these \(\mathbb Q\)-curves have CM, which fortify the conjecture that for a large enough \(N\), \(X_0(N)^*\) does not have rational points parametrizing \(\mathbb Q\)-curves without CM.
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