Hyperelliptic curves with prescribed p-torsion

DOI10.1007/S00229-005-0559-0MaRDI QIDQ2487934zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Darren B. Glass, Rachel Pries

Publication date 17 August 2005

Published in Manuscripta Mathematica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0401008

zbMATH Keywords

\(a\)-number\(p\)-rank

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

[https://duckduckgo.com/?q=MSC%2011G30%20%22Curves+of+arbitrary+genus+or+genus+%28%0D%0Ae+1%29+over+global+fields%22 Curves of arbitrary genus or genus ( e 1) over global fields (11G30)] Arithmetic ground fields for curves (14H25) Coverings of curves, fundamental group (14H30) Jacobians, Prym varieties (14H40)

Abstract: In this paper, we show that there exist families of curves (defined over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p>2$) whose Jacobians have interesting $p$-torsion. For example, for every $0leqfleqg$, we find the dimension of the locus of hyperelliptic curves of genus $g$ with $p$-rank at most $f$. We also produce families of curves so that the $p$-torsion of the Jacobian of each fibre contains multiple copies of the group scheme $alph{a}_p$. The method is to study curves which admit an action by $$ so that the quotient is a projective line. As a result, some of these families intersect the hyperelliptic locus $C{H}_g$.

Review text

In the description of abelian varieties defined over algebraically closed fields \(k\) of positive characteristic, two important arithmetic invariants are the \(p\)-rank and \(a\)-number of the variety. These invariants are understood and used to define stratifications of the moduli space \(\mathcal{A}_g\) of principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension \(g\). It is very important to understand how these strata intersect with the Torelli locus, if they intersect, or to find out that they do not intersect. More generally, one can ask for the dimension of the intersections of these strata with the image of the moduli spaces \(\mathcal {M}_g\) (of curves) and \(\mathcal{H}_g\) (of hyperelliptic curves) under the Torelli map. In the paper under review, the authors show that these intersections do occur by producing families of curves so that the \(p\)-torsion of the Jacobian of each fiber contains certain group schemes. More specifically, let \(V_{g,f}\) be the sublocus of \(\overline{\mathcal{M}}_g\) of curves of genus \(g\) with \(p\)-rank at most \(f\), then it is known by [\textit{C. Faber} and \textit{G. van der Geer}, J. Reine Angew. Math. 573, 117--137 (2004; Zbl 1075.14023)] that for every \(0\leq f\leq g\) this sublocus has codimension at most \(g-f\) in \(\overline{\mathcal{M}}_g\). Using this result the authors show that there exist smooth hyperelliptic curves of genus \(g\) with every possible \(p\)-rank \(f\). This follows from their first theorem, where they prove that for all \(g\geq1\) and \(0\leq f\leq g\), the locus \(V_{g,f}\cap\mathcal{H}_g\) is non empty and of dimension \(g-1+f\). Let \(T_{g,a}\) be the sublocus of \(\overline{\mathcal{M}}_g\) of curves with \(a\)-number at least \(a\). They show that \(T_{g,a}\neq\emptyset\) under certain conditions on \(g\) and \(a\) by producing curves \(X\) so that Jac\((X)[p]\) contains a multiple of the group scheme \(\alpha_p=\text{Spec}(k[x]/(x^p))\). Let \(\mathcal{H}_{g,n}\) be the sublocus of \(\mathcal{M}_g\) consisting of smooth curves with an action by \((\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})^n\) so that the quotient is a projective line. They prove that if \(n\geq2\), \(p\geq 2n+1\) is a prime number, \(g\) is such that \(\mathcal{H}_{g,n}\neq\emptyset\) is of dimension at least \(n+1\), then \(\mathcal{H}_{g,n}\cap T_{g,n}\) has codimension at least \(n\) in \(\mathcal{H}_{g,n}\). For small values of \(n\), they were able to show that these families of curves actually intersect the hyperelliptic locus \(\mathcal{H}_g\). More precisely, if \(g\geq2\) and \(p\geq5\), then there exists a \((g-2)\)-dimensional family of smooth hyperelliptic curves of genus \(g\) whose fibers have \(a\)-number 2 and \(p\)-rank \(g-2\). Furthermore, if \(g\geq5\) is odd and \(p\geq7\), then there exists a \((g-5)/2\)-dimensional family of smooth hyperelliptic curves of genus \(g\) whose fibers have \(a\)-number at least 3.

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Cited in

(32)

• Curves of given \(p\)-rank with trivial automorphism group
• Fully maximal and fully minimal abelian varieties
• Ekedahl-Oort strata on the moduli space of curves of genus four
• The existence of supersingular curves of genus 4 in arbitrary characteristic
• Hyperelliptic parametrizations of \(\pmb{\mathbb{Q}}\)-curves
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• The a-numbers of Jacobians of Suzuki curves
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• The p-rank of the reduction mod p of Jacobians and Jacobi sums
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• THE p-TORSION OF CURVES WITH LARGE p-RANK
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• Hyperelliptic curves with a-number 1 in small characteristic
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• Erratum to: Hyperelliptic curves with prescribed \(p\)-torsion
• The \(p\)-rank of curves of Fermat type
• Explicit construction of a plane sextic model for genus-five Howe curves. I
• Explicit construction of a plane sextic model for genus-five Howe curves. II
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