Neglected U(1) phase in the Schrödinger representation of quantum mechanics and particle number conserving formalisms for superconductivity

DOI10.1088/1751-8121/ACFF51arXiv2211.08759MaRDI QIDQ6063370FDOQ6063370

Authors: Hiroyasu Koizumi 

Publication date: 7 November 2023

Published in: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Superconductivity is reformulated as a phenomenon in which a stable velocity field is created by a $U(1)$ phase neglected by Dirac in the Schroedinger representation of quantum mechanics. The neglected phase gives rise to a $U(1)$ gauge field expressed as the Berry connection from many-body wave functions. The inclusion of this gauge field transforms the standard particle-number non-conserving formalism of superconductivity to a particle-number conserving one with many results of the former unaltered. In other words, the new formalism indicates that the current standard one is an approximation that effectively takes into account this neglected $U(1)$ gauge field by employing the particle-number non-conserving formalism. Since the standard and new formalisms are physically different, conflicting results are predicted in some cases. We reexamine the Josephson relation and show that a capacitance contribution of the Josephson junction to the $U(1)$ phase is missing in the standard formalism, and inclusion of it indicates that the standard theory actually does one agree with the experiment while the new one does. It is also shown that the dissipative quantum phase transition in Josephson junctions predicted in the standard theory does not exit in the new one in accordance with the recent experimental result.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.08759

zbMATH Keywords

quantum mechanicsrepresentationsuperconductivityBerry phasetheoriesSchrödingerDirac's neglected phase

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in mechanics of particles and systems (70S15) General and philosophical questions in quantum theory (81P05) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Phase-space methods including Wigner distributions, etc. applied to problems in quantum mechanics (81S30) Many-body theory; quantum Hall effect (81V70) Statistical mechanics of superconductors (82D55) Derivations, dissipations and positive semigroups in (C^*)-algebras (46L57)

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Cited In (1)

• Constrained Hamiltonian dynamics for electrons in magnetic field and additional forces besides the Lorentz force acting on electrons

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