The partial null conditions and global smooth solutions of the nonlinear wave equations on R^d T with d = 2, 3

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2023.10.028MaRDI QIDQ6065764zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Fei Hou, Fei Tao, Huicheng Yin

Publication date 15 November 2023

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.10385

zbMATH Keywords

auxiliary energyfully nonlinear wave equationKlein-Gordon equationnull conditionpartial null conditionvector fields methodweighted energy estimate

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Dependence of solutions to PDEs on initial and/or boundary data and/or on parameters of PDEs (35B30) Blow-up in context of PDEs (35B44) Wave equation (35L05) Initial value problems for second-order hyperbolic equations (35L15) Second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations (35L70)

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the fully nonlinear wave equations on the product space $mathbb{R}^{3}imesmathbbT$ with quadratic nonlinearities and on $mathbb{R}^{2}imesmathbbT$ with cubic nonlinearities, respectively. It is shown that for the small initial data satisfying some space-decay rates at infinity, these nonlinear equations admit global smooth solutions when the corresponding partial null conditions hold and while have almost global smooth solutions when the partial null conditions are violated. Our proof relies on the Fourier mode decomposition of the solutions with respect to the periodic direction, the efficient combinations of time-decay estimates for the solutions to the linear wave equations and the linear Klein-Gordon equations, and the global weighted energy estimates. In addition, an interesting auxiliary energy is introduced. As a byproduct, our results can be applied to the 4D irrotational compressible Euler equations of polytropic gases or Chaplygin gases on $mathbb{R}^{3}imesmathbbT$, the 3D relativistic membrane equation and the 3D nonlinear membrane equation on $mathbb{R}^{2}imesmathbbT$.

Review text

In this paper, the authors investigate the Cauchy problem of the fully nonlinear wave equations, of the form \((\partial_t^2-\Delta_x-\partial_y^2) u=N(\partial u, \partial^2 u)\), on the product space \((x,y)\in\mathbb{R}^3 \times \mathbb{T}\) with quadratic nonlinearities and on \(\mathbb{R}^2 \times \mathbb{T}\) with cubic nonlinearities, respectively. When \(u\) is independent of \(y\), it is well-known that the nonlinearity is at the critical level for global existence with small data, and generally admits almost global existence. In addition, null condition is a sufficient condition to ensure global existence. For the problem in \(\mathbb{R}^n \times \mathbb{T}\), the authors introduce the partial null conditions, which are basically the null condition for \(N(\partial u, \partial^2 u)\) with \(u\) independent of the variable \(y\). The main results are the global existence under the partial null conditions, and the almost global existence, with lower bound of the lifespan \(T_\varepsilon\ge \exp(c\varepsilon^{-2/(n-1)})\), for the small initial data of size \(\varepsilon\) with sufficient decay and smoothness. The proof relies on the Fourier mode decomposition of the solutions with respect to the periodic variable, the efficient combinations of time-decay estimates for the solutions to the linear wave equations and the linear Klein-Gordon equations, and the global weighted energy estimates.

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Cited in

(3)

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