Multiple Solutions to Cylindrically Symmetric Curl-Curl Problems and Related Schrödinger Equations with Singular Potentials

DOI10.1137/22M1494786MaRDI QIDQ6073315zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Michał Gaczkowski, Jarosław Mederski, Jacopo Schino

Publication date 17 October 2023

Published in SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.03565

zbMATH Keywords

multiple solutionssingular potentialscylindrical symmetrycurl-curl problems

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Variational methods applied to PDEs (35A15) Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations (35J20) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) PDEs in connection with optics and electromagnetic theory (35Q60) Electromagnetic theory (general) (78A25)

Abstract: We look for multiple solutions $mathbfUcolonmathbb{R}^{3}omathbb{R}^3$ to the curl-curl problem [

abla imes

abla imesmathbf{U}=h(x,mathbf{U}),qquad xinmathbb{R}^3, ] with a nonlinear function $hcolonmathbb{R}^{3}imesmathbb{R}^{3}omathbb{R}^3$ which has subcritical growth at infinity or is critical in $mathbb{R}^3$, i.e. $h(x,mathbfU)=|mathbfU{|}^{4}mathbfU$. If $h$ is radial in $mathbfU$, $N=3$, $K=2$ and $a=1$ below, then we show that the solutions to the problem above are in one to one correspondence with the solutions to the following Schr"odinger equation [ -Delta u+frac{a}{r^2}u=f(x,u),qquad ucolonmathbb{R}^N o mathbb{R}, ] where $x=(y,z)inmathbb{R}^{K}imesmathbb{R}^{N-K}$, $N>Kgeq2$, $r=|y|$ and $a>a_{0}in(-infty,0]$. In the critical case, the multiplicity problem for the latter equation has been studied only in the autonomous case $a=0$ and the available methods seem to be insufficient for the problem involving the singular potential, i.e. $aeq0$, due to the lack of conformal invariance. Therefore we develop methods for the critical curl-curl problem and show the multiplicity of bound states for both equations in the case $N=3$, $K=2$ and $a=1$. In the subcritical case, instead, applying a critical point theory to the Schr"odinger equation above, we find infinitely many bound states for both problems.

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Cited in

(4)

• Normalized cylindrical solutions for the singular equation with combined nonlinearities and the related curl-curl equation
• Normalized solutions to at least mass critical problems: singular polyharmonic equations and related curl-curl problems
• Cylindrically symmetric solutions of curl-curl equation with nonlocal nonlinearity
• Cylindrically symmetric ground state solutions for curl-curl equations with critical exponent

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