Multiple Solutions to Cylindrically Symmetric Curl-Curl Problems and Related Schrödinger Equations with Singular Potentials

DOI10.1137/22M1494786zbMATH Open1527.35400arXiv2006.03565OpenAlexW4386848732MaRDI QIDQ6073315FDOQ6073315

Authors: Michał Gaczkowski, Jarosław Mederski, Jacopo Schino 

Publication date: 17 October 2023

Published in: SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We look for multiple solutions $mathbfUcolonmathbb{R}^{3}omathbb{R}^3$ to the curl-curl problem [

abla imes

abla imesmathbf{U}=h(x,mathbf{U}),qquad xinmathbb{R}^3, ] with a nonlinear function $hcolonmathbb{R}^{3}imesmathbb{R}^{3}omathbb{R}^3$ which has subcritical growth at infinity or is critical in $mathbb{R}^3$, i.e. $h(x,mathbfU)=|mathbfU{|}^{4}mathbfU$. If $h$ is radial in $mathbfU$, $N=3$, $K=2$ and $a=1$ below, then we show that the solutions to the problem above are in one to one correspondence with the solutions to the following Schr"odinger equation [ -Delta u+frac{a}{r^2}u=f(x,u),qquad ucolonmathbb{R}^N o mathbb{R}, ] where $x=(y,z)inmathbb{R}^{K}imesmathbb{R}^{N-K}$, $N>Kgeq2$, $r=|y|$ and $a>a_{0}in(-infty,0]$. In the critical case, the multiplicity problem for the latter equation has been studied only in the autonomous case $a=0$ and the available methods seem to be insufficient for the problem involving the singular potential, i.e. $aeq0$, due to the lack of conformal invariance. Therefore we develop methods for the critical curl-curl problem and show the multiplicity of bound states for both equations in the case $N=3$, $K=2$ and $a=1$. In the subcritical case, instead, applying a critical point theory to the Schr"odinger equation above, we find infinitely many bound states for both problems.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.03565

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zbMATH Keywords

multiple solutionssingular potentialscylindrical symmetrycurl-curl problems

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Variational methods applied to PDEs (35A15) Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations (35J20) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) PDEs in connection with optics and electromagnetic theory (35Q60) Electromagnetic theory (general) (78A25)

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Cited In (4)

• Cylindrically symmetric ground state solutions for curl-curl equations with critical exponent
• Normalized solutions to at least mass critical problems: singular polyharmonic equations and related curl-curl problems
• Cylindrically symmetric solutions of curl-curl equation with nonlocal nonlinearity
• Normalized cylindrical solutions for the singular equation with combined nonlinearities and the related curl-curl equation

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