The local structure of injective LOT-complexes

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2023.108650MaRDI QIDQ6073658zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Jens Harlander, Stephan Rosebrock

Publication date 18 September 2023

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.07991

coloring test labeled oriented tree locally indicable non-positive immersion weight test

Cancellation theory of groups; application of van Kampen diagrams (20F06) Geometric group theory (20F65) Hyperbolic groups and nonpositively curved groups (20F67) 2-dimensional topology (including mapping class groups of surfaces, Teichmüller theory, curve complexes, etc.) (57K20) Topological methods in group theory (57M07)

Abstract: Labeled oriented trees, LOT's, encode spines of ribbon discs in the 4-ball and ribbon 2-knots in the 4-sphere. The unresolved asphericity question for these spines is a major test case for Whitehead's asphericity conjecture. In this paper we give a complete description of the link of a reduced injective LOT complex. An important case is the following: If

G a m m a

is a reduced injective LOT that does not contain boundary reduced sub-LOTs, then

l k (K (G a m m a))

is a bi-forest. As a consequence

K (G a m m a)

is aspherical, in fact DR, and its fundamental group is locally indicable. We also show that a general injective LOT complex is aspherical. Some of our results have already appeared in print over the last two decades and are collected here.

Review text

A labeled oriented graph (LOG) \(\Gamma\) consists of sets \(V\), \(E\) (vertices and edges), and maps \(s, t, \lambda : E\to V\) (the source, target, and label maps). If the underlying graph is a forest, resp. tree, then \(\Gamma\) is called a LOF, resp. LOT. The LOG complex \(K(\Gamma )\) is the standard \(2\)-complex with presentation \(\langle V\,|\,s(e)\lambda (e)=\lambda (e)t(e),\, e\in E\rangle\). The question of asphericity of \(K(\Gamma )\) for an LOT \(\Gamma\) is interesting since LOT's encode spines of ribbon disks in the \(4\)-ball and ribbon \(2\)-knots in the \(4\)-sphere, but Whitehead's asphericity conjecture (sub complexes of aspherical \(2\)-complexes are aspherical) is unresolved for LOT's. The authors describe known techniques and results about LOT's and \(K(\Gamma )\)'s and prove new Theorems in a unified way. They give precise definitions of the concepts used, such as (relative) bi-forests, reduced and boundary reducible LOG's, zero/one-angled complexes \(K\) and the (relative) coloring test for \(K\). The main new results are: If \(\Gamma\) is a reduced injective LOF without boundary reducible sub-LOT's, then \(lk(K(\Gamma ))\) is a bi-forest and \(K(\Gamma )\) admits a zero/one-angled structure that satisfies the coloring test. (Here ``injective means that the labeling map \(\lambda:E\to V\) is injective). It follows that \(K(\Gamma )\) is aspherical, has collapsible non-positive immersions, and \(\pi_1 (K(\Gamma ))\) is locally indicable. If \(\Gamma\) is a reduced injective LOF with disjoint sub-LOT's such that the quotient LOF \( \bar{\Gamma}\) is without boundary reducible sub-LOT's, then \(lk(K(\Gamma ))\) is a relative bi-forest and \(K(\Gamma )\) admits a zero/one-angled structure that satisfies the relative coloring test. The results are used to prove that \(K(\Gamma )\) is aspherical for any injective LOF \(\Gamma\).

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