Orthogonalized Kernel Debiased Machine Learning for Multimodal Data Analysis

DOI10.1080/01621459.2021.2013851arXiv2103.07088OpenAlexW3215001290MaRDI QIDQ6077573FDOQ6077573

Authors: Xiaowu Dai, Lexin Li 

Publication date: 18 October 2023

Published in: Journal of the American Statistical Association (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Multimodal imaging has transformed neuroscience research. While it presents unprecedented opportunities, it also imposes serious challenges. Particularly, it is difficult to combine the merits of the interpretability attributed to a simple association model with the flexibility achieved by a highly adaptive nonlinear model. In this article, we propose an orthogonalized kernel debiased machine learning approach, which is built upon the Neyman orthogonality and a form of decomposition orthogonality, for multimodal data analysis. We target the setting that naturally arises in almost all multimodal studies, where there is a primary modality of interest, plus additional auxiliary modalities. We establish the root-$N$-consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimated primary parameter, the semi-parametric estimation efficiency, and the asymptotic validity of the confidence band of the predicted primary modality effect. Our proposal enjoys, to a good extent, both model interpretability and model flexibility. It is also considerably different from the existing statistical methods for multimodal data integration, as well as the orthogonality-based methods for high-dimensional inferences. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method through both simulations and an application to a multimodal neuroimaging study of Alzheimer's disease.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.07088

zbMATH Keywords

high-dimensional inferencereproducing kernel Hilbert spacebasis expansionNeyman orthogonalityneuroimaging analysismultimodal data integration

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Statistics (62-XX)

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